William Shakespeare: Forskelle mellem versioner
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'''William Shakespeare''' (født [[23. april]] [[1564]], død [[23. april]] [[1616]])
Shakespeare blev født og opvoksede i [[Stratford-upon-Avon]], [[Warwickshire]]. I en alder af 18 år giftede han sig med [[Anne Hathaway (Shakespeares kone)|Anne Hathaway]], som han fik tre børn med: [[Susanna Hall|Susanna]] og [[tvilling]]erne [[Hamnet Shakespeare|Hamnet]] og [[Judith Quiney|Judith]]. På et tidspunkt mellem 1585 og 1592 påbegyndte han en succesfuld karriere i [[London]] som skuespiller, forfatter og medejer af et skuespillervirksomhed kaldet [[Lord Chamberlain's Men]], der senere blev kendt som [[King's Men (playing company)|King's Men]]. I en alder af 49 år (omkring 1613) havde han tilsyneladende trukket sig tilbage og flyttet til Stratford, hvor han døde tre år senere. Der er kun bevaret få optegnelser over Shakespeares privatliv, hvilket har igangsat spekulationer om emner som [[Portrætter af Shakespeare|hans fysiske fremtræden]], [[William Shakespeares seksualitet|hans seksualitet]], [[William Shakespeares religiøse synspunkter|hans religiøse synspunkter]] og om de værker, som er blevet krediteret ham i virkeligheden er blevet [[Shakespeares forfatterskabs validitet|skrevet af andre]].{{sfn|Shapiro|2005|pp=xvii–xviii}}{{sfn|Schoenbaum|1991|pp=41, 66, 397–398, 402, 409}}{{sfn|Taylor|1990|pp=145, 210–223, 261–265}} Disse teorier er ofte blevet kritiseret for ikke at tage højde for, at der generelt er meget få optegnelser over almindelige personers liv fra denne periode.
Shakespeare producerede størstedelen af sine mest kendte værker mellem 1589 og 1613.{{sfn|Chambers|1930a|pp=270–271}}{{sfn|Taylor|1987|pp=109–134}} Hans skuespil var hovedsageligt [[Shakespeares komedier]] og [[Shakespeares historier|historier]] og bliver betragtet som nogle af de bedste inden for disse genrer. Frem til 1608 skrev han hovedsageligt [[Shakespeares tragedier|tragedier]], heriblandt ''[[Hamlet]]'', ''[[Othello (skuespil)|Othello]]'', ''[[Kong Lear (tragedie)|King Lear]]'' og ''[[Macbeth]]'', der alle bliver betragtet som de fornemste værker på engelsk.{{sfn|Greenblatt|2005|p=11}}{{sfn|Bevington|2002|pp=1–3}}{{sfn|Wells|1997|p=399}} I den sidste fase af sit liv skrev han [[tragikomedie]]r (også kendt som [[Shakespeares sene romancer|romancer]]) og samarbejdede med andre skuespilforfattere.
Mange af Shakespeares skuespil blev udgivet i udgaver af varierende kvalitet og nøjagtighed i hans levetid. I 1623 udgav to skuespiller og Shakespeares venner [[John Heminges]] og [[Henry Condell]] en mere definitiv tekst kendt som [[First Folio]], en [[posthum]] samling af Shakespeares værker, der inkluderer alle undtagen to af hans skuespil.{{sfn|Greenblatt|Abrams|2012|p=1168}} Denne udgave havde et indledende digt af [[Ben Jonson]], i hvor Jonson hylder Shakespeare i et nu berømt citat som "ikke for en periode, men for altid".{{sfn|Greenblatt|Abrams|2012|p=1168}}
Op igennem 1900- og 2000-tallet er Shakespeares værker blevet tilpasset og genopdaget af nye bevægelser inden for forskning og scenekunst. Hans skuespil er fortsat populære og de bliver studeret, opført og fortolket i forskellige kulturelle og politiske kontekster verden over.
== Biografi ==
Line 222 ⟶ 230:
== Referencer ==
{{reflist|2}}
== Litteratur ==
{{refbegin|30em}}
* {{cite book
|title = Shakespeare: The Biography
|last = Ackroyd
|first = Peter
|author-link = Peter Ackroyd
|publisher = Vintage
|year = 2006
|location = London
|isbn = 978-0-7493-8655-9
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|title = A Life of William Shakespeare
|last = Adams
|first = Joseph Quincy
|author-link = Joseph Quincy Adams
|publisher = [[Houghton Mifflin]]
|location = Boston
|year = 1923
|oclc = 1935264
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|title = William Shakspere's Small Latine & Lesse Greek
|last = Baldwin
|first = T.W.
|publisher = [[University of Illinois Press]]
|location = Urbana, Ill
|year = 1944
|volume = 1
|oclc = 359037
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|title = Politics, Plague, and Shakespeare's Theater: The Stuart Years
|last = Barroll
|first = Leeds
|publisher = [[Cornell University Press]]
|location = Ithaca
|year = 1991
|isbn = 978-0-8014-2479-3
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|title = The Soul of the Age
|last = Bate
|first = Jonathan
|author-link = Jonathan Bate
|publisher = [[Penguin Publishing|Penguin]]
|location = London
|year = 2008
|isbn = 978-0-670-91482-1
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite news
|title = Bard's 'cursed' tomb is revamped
|author = <!-- no byline -->
|date = 28 May 2008
|work = [[BBC News]]
|url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/coventry_warwickshire/7422986.stm
|accessdate = 23 April 2010
|ref = {{harvid|BBC News|2008}}
}}
* {{cite book
|chapter = Marlowe and the English literary scene
|last = Bednarz
|first = James P.
|pages = 90–105
|title = The Cambridge Companion to Christopher Marlowe
|editor-last = Cheney
|editor-first = Patrick Gerard
|year = 2004
|location = Cambridge
|publisher = [[Cambridge University Press]]
|isbn = 978-0-511-99905-5
|doi = 10.1017/CCOL0521820340
|via = [[Cambridge Core]]
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|title = Shakespeare: A Biographical Handbook
|last = Bentley
|first = G.E.
|author-link = Gerald Eades Bentley
|year = 1961
|publisher = [[Yale University Press]]
|location = New Haven
|oclc = 356416
|isbn = 978-0-313-25042-2
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|title = Changing Styles in Shakespeare
|last = Berry
|first = Ralph
|publisher = [[Routledge]]
|location = London
|year = 2005
|isbn = 978-0-415-35316-8
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|title = Shakespeare
|last = Bevington
|first = David
|author-link = David Bevington
|year = 2002
|location = Oxford
|publisher = [[Blackwell Publishing|Blackwell]]
|isbn = 978-0-631-22719-9
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|title = The Western Canon: The Books and School of the Ages
|last = Bloom
|first = Harold
|authorlink = Harold Bloom
|publisher = [[Riverhead Books]]
|location = New York
|year = 1995
|isbn = 978-1-57322-514-4
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|title = Shakespeare: The Invention of the Human
|last = Bloom
|first = Harold
|author-link = Harold Bloom
|publisher = [[Riverhead Books]]
|location = New York
|year = 1999
|isbn = 978-1-57322-751-3
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|last = Bloom
|first = Harold
|authorlink = Harold Bloom
|title = King Lear
|editor1-last = Heims
|editor1-first = Neil
|series = Bloom's Shakespeare Through the Ages
|publisher = [[Infobase Publishing|Bloom's Literary Criticism]]
|year = 2008
|isbn = 978-0-7910-9574-4
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|title = Shakspere and His Predecessors
|last = Boas
|first = Frederick S.
|author-link = Frederick S. Boas
|publisher = [[Charles Scribner's Sons]]
|location = New York
|year = 1896
|ol = 20577303M
|hdl = 2027/uc1.32106001899191
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|title = On Editing Shakespeare and the Elizabethan Dramatists
|last = Bowers
|first = Fredson
|author-link = Fredson Bowers
|publisher = [[University of Pennsylvania Press]]
|location = Philadelphia
|year = 1955
|oclc = 2993883
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|title = Dictionary of Shakespeare
|last = Boyce
|first = Charles
|publisher = [[Wordsworth Editions|Wordsworth]]
|location = Ware, Herts, UK
|year = 1996
|isbn = 978-1-85326-372-9
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|chapter = Shakespeare's Recollection of Marlowe
|last = Bradbrook
|first = M.C.
|author-link = M. C. Bradbrook
|pages = 191–204
|title = Shakespeare's Styles: Essays in Honour of Kenneth Muir
|editor1-last = Edwards
|editor1-first = Philip
|editor2-last = Ewbank
|editor2-first = Inga-Stina
|editor2-link = Inga-Stina Ewbank
|editor3-last = Hunter
|editor3-first = G.K.
|publisher = [[Cambridge University Press]]
|location = Cambridge
|year = 2004
|isbn = 978-0-521-61694-2
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|title = Shakespearean Tragedy: Lectures on Hamlet, Othello, King Lear and Macbeth
|last = Bradley
|first = A.C.
|author-link = A. C. Bradley
|publisher = [[Penguin Group|Penguin]]
|location = London
|year = 1991
|isbn = 978-0-14-053019-3
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|chapter = Language and Speaker in Macbeth
|last = Brooke
|first = Nicholas
|pages = 67–78
|title = Shakespeare's Styles: Essays in Honour of Kenneth Muir
|editor1-last = Edwards
|editor1-first = Philip
|editor2-last = Ewbank
|editor2-first = Inga-Stina
|editor2-link = Inga-Stina Ewbank
|editor3-last = Hunter
|editor3-first = G.K.
|publisher = [[Cambridge University Press]]
|location = Cambridge
|year = 2004
|isbn = 978-0-521-61694-2
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|chapter = ''Moby-Dick'' as Revolution
|last = Bryant
|first = John
|pages = 65–90
|title = The Cambridge Companion to Herman Melville
|editor-last = Levine
|editor-first = Robert Steven
|publisher = [[Cambridge University Press]]
|location = Cambridge
|year = 1998
|isbn = 978-1-139-00037-6
|doi = 10.1017/CCOL0521554772
|via = [[Cambridge Core]]
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|title = On Heroes, Hero-Worship, and The Heroic in History
|last = Carlyle
|first = Thomas
|author-link = Thomas Carlyle
|publisher = [[James Fraser (publisher)|James Fraser]]
|location = London
|year = 1841
|oclc = 17473532
|ol = 13561584M
|hdl = 2027/hvd.hnlmmi
|ref = harv
|title-link = On Heroes, Hero-Worship, and The Heroic in History
}}
* {{cite journal
|title = Was Shakespeare gay? Sonnet 20 and the politics of pedagogy
|last = Casey
|first = Charles
|year = 1998
|journal = [[College Literature]]
|volume = 25
|issue = 3
|pages = 35–51
|jstor = 25112402
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|title = Shakespeare's Works and Elizabethan Pronunciation
|last = Cercignani
|first = Fausto
|author-link = Fausto Cercignani
|publisher = [[Clarendon Press]]
|location = Oxford
|year = 1981
|isbn = 978-0-19-811937-1
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|title = The Elizabethan Stage
|last = Chambers
|first = E.K.
|author-link = E. K. Chambers
|volume = 2
|location = Oxford
|publisher = [[Clarendon Press]]
|year = 1923
|oclc = 336379
|isbn = 978-0-19-811511-3
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|title = William Shakespeare: A Study of Facts and Problems
|last = Chambers
|first = E.K.
|author-link = E. K. Chambers
|location = Oxford
|publisher = [[Clarendon Press]]
|year = 1930a
|volume = 1
|oclc = 353406
|isbn = 978-0-19-811774-2
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|title = William Shakespeare: A Study of Facts and Problems
|last = Chambers
|first = E.K.
|author-link = E. K. Chambers
|location = Oxford
|publisher = [[Clarendon Press]]
|year = 1930b
|volume = 2
|oclc = 353406
|isbn = 978-0-19-811774-2
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|title = Shakespearean Gleanings
|last = Chambers
|first = E.K.
|author-link = E. K. Chambers
|location = Oxford
|publisher = [[Oxford University Press]]
|year = 1944
|oclc = 2364570
|isbn = 978-0-8492-0506-4
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|title = Shakespeare's Soliloquies
|last = Clemen
|first = Wolfgang
|author-link = Wolfgang Clemen
|publisher = [[Routledge]]
|location = London
|year = 1987
|isbn = 978-0-415-35277-2
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|title = Shakespeare's Dramatic Art: Collected Essays
|last = Clemen
|first = Wolfgang
|author-link = Wolfgang Clemen
|publisher = [[Routledge]]
|location = New York
|year = 2005a
|isbn = 978-0-415-35278-9
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|title = Shakespeare's Imagery
|last = Clemen
|first = Wolfgang
|author-link = Wolfgang Clemen
|publisher = [[Routledge]]
|location = London
|year = 2005b
|isbn = 978-0-415-35280-2
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|title = Searching for Shakespeare
|last = Cooper
|first = Tarnya
|author-link = Tarnya Cooper
|publisher = [[Yale University Press]]
|year = 2006
|isbn = 978-0-300-11611-3
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|title = Of Philosophers and Kings: Political Philosophy in Shakespeare's ''Macbeth'' and ''King Lear''
|last = Craig
|first = Leon Harold
|publisher = [[University of Toronto Press]]
|location = Toronto
|year = 2003
|isbn = 978-0-8020-8605-1
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|title = Education in Tudor and Stuart England
|last = Cressy
|first = David
|publisher = [[St Martin's Press]]
|location = New York
|year = 1975
|oclc = 2148260
|isbn = 978-0-7131-5817-5
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|title = The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English Language
|last = Crystal
|first = David
|author-link = David Crystal
|publisher = [[Cambridge University Press]]
|location = Cambridge
|year = 2001
|isbn = 978-0-521-40179-1
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|last = de Sélincourt
|first = Basil
|author-link = Basil de Sélincourt
|year = 1909
|title = William Blake
|location = London
|publisher = [[Duckworth & co]]
|url = https://archive.org/details/williamblake007928mbp
|hdl = 2027/mdp.39015066033914
|ol = 26411508M
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|title = The Making of the National Poet: Shakespeare, Adaptation and Authorship, 1660–1769
|last = Dobson
|first = Michael
|publisher = [[Oxford University Press]]
|location = Oxford
|year = 1992
|isbn = 978-0-19-818323-5
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|title = Shakespeare–Middleton Collaborations
|last = Dominik
|first = Mark
|publisher = [[Alioth Press]]
|location = Beaverton, OR
|year = 1988
|isbn = 978-0-945088-01-1
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|title = Shakspere
|last = Dowden
|first = Edward
|author-link = Edward Dowden
|publisher = [[D. Appleton & Company]]
|location = New York
|year = 1881
|oclc = 8164385
|ol = 6461529M
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|chapter = Introduction
|last = Drakakis
|first = John
|pages = 1–25
|title = Alternative Shakespeares
|editor-last = Drakakis
|editor-first = John
|year = 1985
|location = New York
|publisher = [[Methuen Publishing|Methuen]]
|isbn = 978-0-416-36860-4
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|last = Dryden
|first = John
|author-link = John Dryden
|title = Dryden: An Essay of Dramatic Poesy
|editor-last = Arnold
|editor-first = Thomas
|publisher = [[Clarendon Press]]
|location = Oxford
|year = 1889
|oclc = 7847292
|ol = 23752217M
|hdl = 2027/umn.31951t00074232s
|isbn = 978-81-7156-323-4
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|title = A Companion to Shakespeare's Works: The Histories
|last1 = Dutton
|first1 = Richard
|last2 = Howard
|first2 = Jean E.
|publisher = [[Blackwell Publishers|Blackwell]]
|location = Oxford
|volume = II
|isbn = 978-0-631-22633-8
|year = 2003
|ref = harv
}}
* {{Cite book
|title = Shakespeare's Romances: 1900–1957
|last = Edwards
|first = Phillip
|pages = 1–18
|journal = [[Shakespeare Survey]]
|volume = 11
|year = 1958
|location = Cambridge
|publisher = [[Cambridge University Press]]
|isbn = 978-1-139-05291-7
|doi = 10.1017/CCOL0521064244.001
|via = [[Cambridge Core]]
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|title = Elizabethan Essays
|last = Eliot
|first = T.S.
|author-link = T. S. Eliot
|publisher = [[Faber & Faber]]
|location = London
|year = 1934
|oclc = 9738219
|isbn = 978-0-15-629051-7
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|title = The Sonnets
|last = Shakespeare
|first = William
|author-link = William Shakespeare
|display-authors = 0
|year = 1996
|editor-last = Evans
|editor-first = G. Blakemore
|editor-link = G. Blakemore Evans
|publisher = [[Cambridge University Press]]
|location = Cambridge
|volume = 26
|series = [[The New Cambridge Shakespeare]]
|isbn = 978-0-521-22225-9
|ref = {{harvid|Evans|1996}}
}}
* {{cite book
|chapter = Playhouses and players
|last = Foakes
|first = R.A.
|author-link = R. A. Foakes
|pages = 1–52
|title = The Cambridge Companion to English Renaissance Drama
|editor1-last = Braunmuller
|editor1-first = A.R.
|editor2-last = Hattaway
|editor2-first = Michael
|publisher = [[Cambridge University Press]]
|location = Cambridge
|year = 1990
|isbn = 978-0-521-38662-3
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite journal
|title = The Story Contained in the Second Series of Shakespeare's Sonnets
|last = Fort
|first = J.A.
|pages = 406–414
|date = October 1927
|journal = [[The Review of English Studies]]
|volume = III
|series = Original Series
|issue = 12
|issn = 0034-6551
|eissn = 1471–6968
|doi = 10.1093/res/os-III.12.406
|via = [[Oxford Journals]]
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|chapter = 'I'm not a feminist director but…': Recent Feminist Productions of ''The Taming of the Shrew''
|last = Friedman
|first = Michael D.
|pages = 159–174
|title = Acts of Criticism: Performance Matters in Shakespeare and his Contemporaries
|editor1-last = Nelsen
|editor1-first = Paul
|editor2-last = Schlueter
|editor2-first = June
|publisher = [[Fairleigh Dickinson University Press]]
|location = New Jersey
|year = 2006
|isbn = 978-0-8386-4059-3
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|title = The Art of the Dramatist
|last = Frye
|first = Roland Mushat
|author-link = Roland Frye
|year = 2005
|location = London; New York
|publisher = [[Routledge]]
|isbn = 978-0-415-35289-5
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|title = Shakespeare and Multiplicity
|last = Gibbons
|first = Brian
|year = 1993
|location = Cambridge
|publisher = [[Cambridge University Press]]
|isbn = 978-0-511-55310-3
|doi = 10.1017/CBO9780511553103
|via = [[Cambridge Core]]
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|title = The Shakespeare Claimants: A Critical Survey of the Four Principal Theories Concerning the Authorship of the Shakespearean Plays
|last = Gibson
|first = H.N.
|publisher = [[Routledge]]
|location = London
|year = 2005
|isbn = 978-0-415-35290-1
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|chapter = Modernity, Modernism and Postmodernism in the Twentieth Century's Shakespeare
|last = Grady
|first = Hugh
|pages = 20–35
|title = Shakespeare and Modern Theatre: The Performance of Modernity
|editor1-last = Bristol
|editor1-first = Michael
|editor2-last = McLuskie
|editor2-first = Kathleen
|publisher = [[Routledge]]
|location = New York
|year = 2001a
|isbn = 978-0-415-21984-6
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|chapter = Shakespeare criticism, 1600–1900
|last = Grady
|first = Hugh
|pages = 265–278
|title = The Cambridge Companion to Shakespeare
|editor1-last = de Grazia
|editor1-first = Margreta
|editor1-link = Margreta de Grazia
|editor2-last = Wells
|editor2-first = Stanley
|editor2-link = Stanley Wells
|location = Cambridge
|publisher = [[Cambridge University Press]]
|year = 2001b
|isbn = 978-1-139-00010-9
|doi = 10.1017/CCOL0521650941.017
|via = [[Cambridge Core]]
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|title = Will in the World: How Shakespeare Became Shakespeare
|last = Greenblatt
|first = Stephen
|author-link = Stephen Greenblatt
|publisher = [[Pimlico (publishing imprint)|Pimlico]]
|location = London
|year = 2005
|isbn = 978-0-7126-0098-9
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|title = Sixteenth/Early Seventeenth Century
|series = The Norton Anthology of English Literature
|volume = 2
|editor1-last = Greenblatt
|editor1-first = Stephen
|editor1-link = Stephen Greenblatt
|editor2-last = Abrams
|editor2-first = Meyer Howard
|editor2-link = Meyer Howard Abrams
|publisher = [[W.W. Norton]]
|year = 2012
|isbn = 978-0-393-91250-0
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|title = Shakespeare
|last = Greer
|first = Germaine
|author-link = Germaine Greer
|publisher = [[Oxford University Press]]
|location = Oxford
|year = 1986
|isbn = 978-0-19-287538-9
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite magazine
|title = London Residences of Shakespeare
|last = Hales
|first = John W.
|magazine = [[The Athenaeum (British magazine)|The Athenaeum]]
|location = London
|publisher = [[John C. Francis]]
|date = 26 March 1904
|issue = 3987
|pages = 401–402
|url = https://archive.org/stream/p1athenaeum1904lond#page/400/mode/2up
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|title = Cymbeline
|last = Shakespeare
|first = William
|author-link = William Shakespeare
|display-authors = 0
|editor1-last = Holland
|editor1-first = Peter
|publisher = [[Penguin Group|Penguin]]
|location = London
|year = 2000
|isbn = 978-0-14-071472-2
|ref = {{harvid|Holland|2000}}
|title-link = Cymbeline
}}
* {{cite book
|title = Shakespeare: A Life
|last = Honan
|first = Park
|author-link = Park Honan
|publisher = [[Clarendon Press]]
|location = Oxford
|year = 1998
|isbn = 978-0-19-811792-6
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|title = Shakespeare: The 'Lost Years'
|last = Honigmann
|first = E.A.J.
|author-link = E. A. J. Honigmann
|edition = Revised
|publisher = [[Manchester University Press]]
|location = Manchester
|year = 1999
|isbn = 978-0-7190-5425-9
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite journal
|title = ''A Lover's Complaint'' revisited
|last = Jackson
|first = MacDonald P.
|author-link = MacDonald P. Jackson
|journal = [[Shakespeare Studies]]
|volume = XXXII
|issn = 0582-9399
|editor-last = Zimmerman
|editor-first = Susan
|year = 2004
|url = https://www.thefreelibrary.com/A+Lover%27s+Complaint+revisited.-a0125306072
|via = [[The Free Library]]
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|title = Samuel Johnson's Dictionary: Selections from the 1755 Work that Defined the English Language
|last = Johnson
|first = Samuel
|author-link = Samuel Johnson
|editor-last = Lynch
|editor-first = Jack
|publisher = [[Levenger Press]]
|location = Delray Beach, FL
|year = 2002
|orig-year = first published 1755
|isbn = 978-1-84354-296-4
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|chapter = To the memory of my beloued, The AVTHOR MR. WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE: AND what he hath left vs
|last = Jonson
|first = Ben
|author-link = Ben Jonson
|title = The First Folio of Shakespeare
|editor-last = Hinman
|editor-first = Charlton
|editor-link = Charlton Hinman
|location = New York
|publisher = [[W.W. Norton & Company]]
|year = 1996
|orig-year = first published 1623
|edition = 2nd
|isbn = 978-0-393-03985-6
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|title = Shakespeare After Theory
|last = Kastan
|first = David Scott
|publisher = [[Routledge]]
|location = London
|year = 1999
|isbn = 978-0-415-90112-3
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|title = The Age of Shakespeare
|last = Kermode
|first = Frank
|author-link = Frank Kermode
|publisher = [[Weidenfeld & Nicolson]]
|location = London
|year = 2004
|isbn = 978-0-297-84881-3
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|title = The Oxford Handbook of Shakespeare
|editor1-last = Kinney
|editor1-first = Arthur F.
|editor1-link = Arthur F. Kinney
|publisher = [[Oxford University Press]]
|location = Oxford
|year = 2012
|isbn = 978-0-19-956610-5
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|title = Playing Companies and Commerce in Shakespeare's Time
|last = Knutson
|first = Roslyn
|publisher = [[Cambridge University Press]]
|location = Cambridge
|year = 2001
|isbn = 978-0-511-48604-3
|doi = 10.1017/CBO9780511486043
|via = [[Cambridge Core]]
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|title = Shakespeare's Life and Work
|last = Lee
|first = Sidney
|author-link = Sidney Lee
|publisher = [[Smith, Elder & Co.]]
|location = London
|year = 1900
|ol = OL21113614M
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|title = Romeo and Juliet
|last = Shakespeare
|first = William
|author-link = William Shakespeare
|display-authors = 0
|year = 2000
|editor-last = Levenson
|editor-first = Jill L.
|location = Oxford
|publisher = [[Oxford University Press]]
|isbn = 978-0-19-281496-8
|ref = {{harvid|Levenson|2000}}
}}
* {{cite book
|chapter = Critical Approaches to Shakespeare from 1660 to 1904
|last = Levin
|first = Harry
|title = The Cambridge Companion to Shakespeare Studies
|editor-last = Wells
|editor-first = Stanley
|editor-link = Stanley Wells
|publisher = [[Cambridge University Press]]
|location = Cambridge
|year = 1986
|isbn = 978-0-521-31841-9
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|title = Attributing Authorship: An Introduction
|last = Love
|first = Harold
|publisher = [[Cambridge University Press]]
|location = Cambridge
|year = 2002
|isbn = 978-0-511-48316-5
|doi = 10.1017/CBO9780511483165
|via = [[Cambridge Core]]
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|title = Shakespearean Suspect Texts: The 'Bad' Quartos and Their Contexts
|last = Maguire
|first = Laurie E.
|year = 1996
|location = Cambridge
|publisher = [[Cambridge University Press]]
|isbn = 978-0-511-55313-4
|doi = 10.1017/CBO9780511553134
|via = [[Cambridge Core]]
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite web
|title = Shakespeare Died a Nobody, and then Got Famous by Accident
|last1 = Mays
|first1 = Andrea
|last2 = Swanson
|first2 = James
|author-link = James L. Swanson
|website = [[New York Post]]
|date = 20 April 2016
|accessdate = 31 December 2017
|url = https://nypost.com/2016/04/20/how-shakespeares-works-were-nearly-lost-to-us/
|dead-url = no
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160421135740/http://nypost.com/2016/04/20/how-shakespeares-works-were-nearly-lost-to-us/
|archive-date = 21 April 2016
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|title = Shakespeare's Late Style
|last = McDonald
|first = Russ
|publisher = [[Cambridge University Press]]
|location = Cambridge
|year = 2006
|isbn = 978-0-511-48378-3
|doi = 10.1017/CBO9780511483783
|via = [[Cambridge Core]]
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|title = Garrick
|last = McIntyre
|first = Ian
|year = 1999
|location = Harmondsworth, England
|publisher = [[Allen Lane]]
|isbn = 978-0-14-028323-5
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|title = Shakespeare and his Rivals: A Casebook on the Authorship Controversy
|last1 = McMichael
|first1 = George
|last2 = Glenn
|first2 = Edgar M.
|publisher = [[Odyssey Press]]
|location = New York
|year = 1962
|oclc = 2113359
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|title = Pursuing Shakespeare's Dramaturgy: Some Contexts, Resources, and Strategies in his Playmaking
|last = Meagher
|first = John C.
|publisher = [[Fairleigh Dickinson University Press]]
|location = New Jersey
|year = 2003
|isbn = 978-0-8386-3993-1
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite web
|title = Sonnet 18
|last1 = Mowat
|first1 = Barbara
|last2 = Werstine
|first2 = Paul
|website = Folger Digital Texts
|publisher = [[Folger Shakespeare Library]]
|date = n.d.
|accessdate = 30 December 2017
|url = http://www.folgerdigitaltexts.org/?chapter=5&play=Son&loc=Son-018
|ref = {{harvid|Mowat|Werstine|n.d.}}
}}
* {{cite book
|title = Shakespeare's Tragic Sequence
|last = Muir
|first = Kenneth
|author-link = Kenneth Muir (scholar)
|publisher = [[Routledge]]
|location = London
|year = 2005
|isbn = 978-0-415-35325-0
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|title = Shakespeare's Stage
|last = Nagler
|first = A.M.
|publisher = [[Yale University Press]]
|location = New Haven, CT
|year = 1958
|isbn = 978-0-300-02689-4
|ref = harv
}}
* {{Cite news
|title = Did He or Didn't He? That Is the Question
|author = <!-- no byline -->
|newspaper = The New York Times
|date = 22 April 2007
|url = https://www.nytimes.com/2007/04/22/education/edlife/22shakespeare-survey.html
|accessdate = 31 December 2017
|ref = {{harvid|The New York Times|2007}}
}}
* {{Cite book
|title = The Author, the Editor and the Translator: William Shakespeare, Alexander Chalmers and Sándor Petofi or the Nature of a Romantic Edition
|last = Paraisz
|first = Júlia
|journal = [[Shakespeare Survey]]
|volume = 59
|pages = 124–135
|publisher = [[Cambridge University Press]]
|location = Cambridge
|year = 2006
|isbn = 978-1-139-05271-9
|doi = 10.1017/CCOL0521868386.010
|via = [[Cambridge Core]]
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|title = Such Is My Love: A Study of Shakespeare's Sonnets
|last = Pequigney
|first = Joseph
|publisher = [[University of Chicago Press]]
|location = Chicago
|year = 1985
|isbn = 978-0-226-65563-5
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|title = Shakespeare Quartos and Folios: A Study in the Bibliography of Shakespeare's Plays, 1594–1685
|last = Pollard
|first = Alfred W.
|author-link = Alfred W. Pollard
|publisher = [[Methuen Publishing|Methuen]]
|location = London
|year = 1909
|oclc = 46308204
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|title = Catholic Loyalism in Elizabethan England
|last = Pritchard
|first = Arnold
|publisher = [[University of North Carolina Press]]
|location = Chapel Hill
|year = 1979
|isbn = 978-0-8078-1345-4
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|title = The English History Play in the Age of Shakespeare
|last = Ribner
|first = Irving
|year = 2005
|location = London
|publisher = [[Routledge]]
|isbn = 978-0-415-35314-4
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|chapter = Shakespeare and His Actors: Some Remarks on King Lear
|last = Ringler
|first = William, Jr.
|pages = 123–134
|title = In Lear from Study to Stage: Essays in Criticism
|editor1-last = Ogden
|editor1-first = James
|editor2-last = Scouten
|editor2-first = Arthur Hawley
|publisher = [[Fairleigh Dickinson University Press]]
|location = New Jersey
|year = 1997
|isbn = 978-0-8386-3690-9
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|title = The Poems: Venus and Adonis, The Rape of Lucrece, The Phoenix and the Turtle, The Passionate Pilgrim, A Lover's Complaint
|last = Shakespeare
|first = William
|author-link = William Shakespeare
|display-authors = 0
|editor-last = Roe
|editor-first = John
|year = 2006
|location = Cambridge
|publisher = [[Cambridge University Press]]
|series = [[The New Cambridge Shakespeare]]
|edition = 2nd revised
|isbn = 978-0-521-85551-8
|ref = {{harvid|Roe|2006}}
}}
* {{Cite book
|title = Some Acount of the Life &c. of Mr. William Shakespear
|last = Rowe
|first = Nicholas
|author-link = Nicholas Rowe (writer)
|orig-year = first published 1709
|year = 1997
|url = http://www.gutenberg.org/files/16275/16275-h/16275-h.htm
|editor-last = Gray
|editor-first = Terry A.
|accessdate = 30 July 2007
|ref = {{harvid|Rowe|1709}}
}}
* {{cite book
|title = William Shakespeare; A Biography
|last = Rowse
|first = A.L.
|authorlink = A. L. Rowse
|publisher = [[Harper & Row]]
|location = New York
|year = 1963
|ol = 21462232M
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|title = Shakespeare: the Man
|last = Rowse
|first = A.L.
|authorlink = A. L. Rowse
|publisher = [[Macmillan Publishers|Macmillan]]
|year = 1988
|isbn = 978-0-333-44354-5
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|title = Victorian Appropriations of Shakespeare
|last = Sawyer
|first = Robert
|publisher = [[Fairleigh Dickinson University Press]]
|location = New Jersey
|year = 2003
|isbn = 978-0-8386-3970-2
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|title = The Problem Plays of Shakespeare
|last = Schanzer
|first = Ernest
|year = 1963
|location = London
|publisher = [[Routledge]] and [[Kegan Paul]]
|oclc = 2378165
|isbn = 978-0-415-35305-2
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|chapter = Pictorial Shakespeare
|last = Schoch
|first = Richard W.
|year = 2002
|title = The Cambridge Companion to Shakespeare on Stage
|pages = 58–75
|editor1-last = Wells
|editor1-first = Stanley
|editor1-link = Stanley Wells
|editor2-last = Stanton
|editor2-first = Sarah
|location = Cambridge
|publisher = [[Cambridge University Press]]
|isbn = 978-0-511-99957-4
|doi = 10.1017/CCOL0521792959.004
|via = [[Cambridge Core]]
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|title = William Shakespeare: Records and Images
|last = Schoenbaum
|first = S.
|authorlink = Samuel Schoenbaum
|publisher = [[Oxford University Press]]
|location = Oxford
|year = 1981
|isbn = 978-0-19-520234-2
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|title = William Shakespeare: A Compact Documentary Life
|last = Schoenbaum
|first = S.
|author-link = Samuel Schoenbaum
|year = 1987
|edition = Revised
|publisher = [[Oxford University Press]]
|location = Oxford
|isbn = 978-0-19-505161-2
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|title = Shakespeare's Lives
|last = Schoenbaum
|first = S.
|author-link = Samuel Schoenbaum
|publisher = [[Oxford University Press]]
|location = Oxford
|year = 1991
|isbn = 978-0-19-818618-2
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|title = 1599: A Year in the Life of William Shakespeare
|last = Shapiro
|first = James
|author-link = James S. Shapiro
|publisher = [[Faber and Faber]]
|location = London
|year = 2005
|isbn = 978-0-571-21480-8
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|title = Contested Will: Who Wrote Shakespeare?
|last = Shapiro
|first = James
|author-link = James S. Shapiro
|publisher = [[Simon & Schuster]]
|location = New York
|year = 2010
|isbn = 978-1-4165-4162-2
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|title = Shakespeare's Blackfriars Playhouse
|last = Smith
|first = Irwin
|publisher = [[New York University Press]]
|location = New York
|year = 1964
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|title = The Winter's Tale
|last = Shakespeare
|first = William
|author-link = William Shakespeare
|display-authors = 0
|year = 2007
|editor1-last = Snyder
|editor1-first = Susan
|editor2-last = Curren-Aquino
|editor2-first = Deborah
|location = Cambridge
|publisher = [[Cambridge University Press]]
|isbn = 978-0-521-22158-0
|ref = {{harvid|Snyder|Curren-Aquino|2007}}
}}
* {{cite web
|title = Shakespeare Memorial
|url = http://southwark.anglican.org/cathedral/tour/bill.htm
|publisher = [[Southwark Cathedral]]
|access-date = 2 April 2016
|dead-url = yes
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304192458/http://www.southwark.anglican.org/cathedral/tour/bill.htm
|archive-date = 4 March 2016
|ref = {{harvid|Southwark Cathedral|n.d.}}
}}
* {{cite book
|title = The Death of Tragedy
|last = Steiner
|first = George
|author-link = George Steiner
|publisher = [[Yale University Press]]
|location = New Haven
|year = 1996
|isbn = 978-0-300-06916-7
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|title = William Shakespeare: A Textual Companion
|last = Taylor
|first = Gary
|author-link = Gary Taylor (scholar)
|year = 1987
|location = Oxford
|publisher = [[Oxford University Press]]
|isbn = 978-0-19-812914-1
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|title = Reinventing Shakespeare: A Cultural History from the Restoration to the Present
|last = Taylor
|first = Gary
|author-link = Gary Taylor (scholar)
|publisher = [[Hogarth Press]]
|location = London
|year = 1990
|isbn = 978-0-7012-0888-2
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|title = Samuel Johnson
|last = Wain
|first = John
|author-link = John Wain
|year = 1975
|location = New York
|publisher = [[Viking Press|Viking]]
|isbn = 978-0-670-61671-8
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|title = The Oxford Shakespeare: The Complete Works
|editor1-last = Wells
|editor1-first = Stanley
|editor1-link=Stanley Wells
|editor2-last = Taylor
|editor2-first = Gary
|editor2-link = Gary Taylor (scholar)
|editor3-last = Jowett
|editor3-first = John
|editor3-link = John Jowett
|editor4-last = Montgomery
|editor4-first = William
|edition = 2nd
|publisher = [[Oxford University Press]]
|location = Oxford
|year = 2005
|isbn = 978-0-19-926717-0
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|title = Shakespeare: A Life in Drama
|last = Wells
|first = Stanley
|author-link = Stanley Wells
|year = 1997
|location = New York
|publisher = [[W.W. Norton]]
|isbn = 978-0-393-31562-2
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|title = Shakespeare & Co
|last = Wells
|first = Stanley
|author-link = Stanley Wells
|publisher = [[Pantheon Books|Pantheon]]
|location = New York
|year = 2006
|isbn = 978-0-375-42494-6
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|title = Shakespeare: An Oxford Guide
|editor1-last = Wells
|editor1-first = Stanley
|editor1-link = Stanley Wells
|editor2-last = Orlin
|editor2-first = Lena Cowen
|editor2-link = Lena Cowen Orlin
|publisher = [[Oxford University Press]]
|location = Oxford
|year = 2003
|isbn = 978-0-19-924522-2
|ref = none
}}
** {{cite book
|chapter = Shakespeare's Influence
|last = Gross
|first = John
|title = Shakespeare: An Oxford Guide
|editor1-last = Wells
|editor1-first = Stanley
|editor1-link = Stanley Wells
|editor2-last = Orlin
|editor2-first = Lena Cowen
|editor2-link = Lena Cowen Orlin
|publisher = [[Oxford University Press]]
|location = Oxford
|year = 2003
|isbn = 978-0-19-924522-2
|ref = harv
}}
** {{cite book
|chapter = The Question of Authorship
|last = Kathman
|first = David
|pages = 620–632
|title = Shakespeare: an Oxford Guide
|editor1-last = Wells
|editor1-first = Stanley
|editor1-link = Stanley Wells
|editor2-last = Orlin
|editor2-first = Lena Cowen
|editor2-link = Lena Cowen Orlin
|series = [[Oxford Guides]]
|publisher = [[Oxford University Press]]
|location = Oxford
|year = 2003
|isbn = 978-0-19-924522-2
|ref = harv
}}
** {{cite book
|chapter = Conventions of Playwriting
|last = Thomson
|first = Peter
|title = Shakespeare: An Oxford Guide
|editor1-last = Wells
|editor1-first = Stanley
|editor1-link = Stanley Wells
|editor2-last = Orlin
|editor2-first = Lena Cowen
|editor2-link = Lena Cowen Orlin
|publisher = [[Oxford University Press]]
|location = Oxford
|year = 2003
|isbn = 978-0-19-924522-2
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|title = Shakespeare and Feminist Performance
|last = Werner
|first = Sarah
|year = 2001
|location = London
|publisher = [[Routledge]]
|isbn = 978-0-415-22729-2
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite web
|title = Visiting the Abbey
|publisher = [[Westminster Abbey]]
|url = http://www.westminster-abbey.org/archive/visit-us/highlights/poets-corner
|accessdate = 2 April 2016
|dead-url = yes
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160403162702/http://www.westminster-abbey.org/archive/visit-us/highlights/poets-corner
|archive-date = 3 April 2016
|ref = {{harvid|Westminster Abbey|n.d.}}
}}
* {{cite book
|title = Secret Shakespeare: Studies in Theatre, Religion and Resistance
|last = Wilson
|first = Richard
|publisher = [[Manchester University Press]]
|location = Manchester
|year = 2004
|isbn = 978-0-7190-7024-2
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|title = The Plays of William Shakespeare with Notes of Various Commentators
|editor-last = Wood
|editor-first = Manley
|year = 1806
|volume = I
|location = London
|publisher = [[George Kearsley]]
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|title = Shakespeare
|last = Wood
|first = Michael
|author-link = Michael Wood (historian)
|publisher = [[Basic Books]]
|location = New York
|year = 2003
|isbn = 978-0-465-09264-2
|ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
|chapter = The Play of Phrase and Line
|last = Wright
|first = George T.
|title = Shakespeare: An Anthology of Criticism and Theory, 1945–2000
|editor-last = McDonald
|editor-first = Russ
|location = Oxford
|publisher = [[Blackwell Publishing|Blackwell]]
|year = 2004
|isbn = 978-0-631-23488-3
|ref = harv
}}
{{refend}}
== Eksterne henvisning ==
| |||