Under the British Mandate, the country developed economically and culturally. In 1919 the Jewish community founded a centralised Hebrew school system, and the following year established the [[Assembly of Representatives (Mandate Palestine)|Assembly of Representatives]], the [[Jewish National Council]] and the [[Histadrut]] labour federation. The [[:en:Technion]] university was founded in 1924, and the [[:en:Hebrew University of Jerusalem]] in 1925.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/History/jews_mandate.html|title=The Jewish Community Under the Palestine Mandate|author=|date=|website=www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org}}</ref>
Literacy rates in 1932 were 86% for the Jews compared to 22% for the Palestinian Arabs, but Arab literacy rates steadily increased thereafter. Palestinian Arabs compared favourably in this respect to residents of Egypt and Turkey, but unfavourably to the Lebanese.<ref>{{Harv|Khalidi|2006|pp=14, 24 |Ref=none}}</ref>
Under opdelingen af [[Det Osmanniske Rige]] ved [[Versailles-freden|fredskonferencen i Versailles]] blev det, der siden kendes som [[Jordan]], [[Israel]] og de besatte palæstinensiske områder udlagt som [[mandatområde]] under [[Folkeforbundet]] med [[Storbritannien]] som mandatar.
