Newcastle upon Tyne: Forskelle mellem versioner
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'''Newcastle upon Tyne''', normalt omtalt som '''Newcastle''', er en by i [[Tyne and Wear]], [[North East England]], 166 km sydøst for [[Edinburgh]] og 446 km nord for [[London]] på den nordlige bred af floden [[Tyne]] omkring 14 km inde i landet fra [[Nordsøen]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gridreferencefinder.com|title=Grid Reference Finder}}</ref> Newcastle er den mest befolkede by i North East, og byen danner kernen i [[Tyneside]] [[konurbation]], der er det ottende mest befolkede byområde i Storbritannien.<ref name="pop">{{cite web| last = Pointer| first = Graham| title = The UK's major urban areas| publisher=statistics.gov.uk| url = http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/fertility-analysis/focus-on-people-and-migration/december-2005/focus-on-people-and-migration---focus-on-people-and-migration---chapter-3.pdf| accessdate = 8. April 2007}}</ref> Newcastle er medlem af [[Core Cities Group]]<ref name=coreCity>{{cite web | title = Core Cities |website= corecities.com| publisher = Core Cities | url = http://www.corecities.com | accessdate = 8. April 2007}}</ref> og [[Eurocities]]-netværket af europæiske byer.<ref name=euroCity2>{{cite web | title = Eurocities| publisher = eurocities.org |url = http://www.eurocities.org| accessdate = 19. August 2007 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20070928110159/http://www.eurocities.org/main.php| archivedate=28. September 2007}}</ref><ref name=euroCity>{{cite web|title=Newcastle-Gateshead |website=eurocities.eu |publisher=eurocities |url=http://www.eurocities.eu/eurocities/members/member&id=58 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130412001617/http://www.eurocities.eu/eurocities/members/member%26id%3D58 |url-status=dead |archivedate=12. April 2013 |accessdate=17. September 2015 }}</ref>
Newcastle var en del af [[Northumberland]] indtil 1400, det blev sit eget county,<ref name="self57567">{{Cite book | last = Lewis | first = Samuel | title = Newcastle-upon-Tyne', in A Topographical Dictionary of England | quote = separated from Northumberland... made a county of itself, by Henry IV... |publisher = british-history.ac.uk | year = 1848 | url = http://www.british-history.ac.uk/topographical-dict/england/pp379-389a | accessdate = 13 July 2016}}</ref><ref name="sepNewc">{{cite web | url = http://www.british-history.ac.uk/no-series/newcastle-historical-account/pp601-611#p14 | title = 'The Corporation: Grants and charters', in Historical Account of Newcastle-Upon-Tyne | last = Mackenzie | first = Eneas | date = 1827 | website = british-history.ac.uk | publisher = Mackenzie and Dent, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, 1827. | accessdate = 1 May 2017
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| title=History of Newcastle upon Tyne|accessdate=7 June 2014|year=2009|work=Local Studies Factsheet No. 6|publisher=Newcastle City Council|page=2}}</ref> Personer fra Newcastle og [[dialekt]]en, der tales i byen og de omkringliggende områder kaldes [[Geordie]]. Newcastle rummer [[Newcastle University]], der er mdelem af [[Russell Group]], samt [[Northumbria University]]. Newcastle er medlem af [[North of Tyne Combined Authority]].
Byen udviklede sig omkring en [[Romerriget|romerske]] bosættelse kaldet [[Pons Aelius]]<ref>[http://www.roman-britain.org/places/pons_aelius.htm Roman Britain] Pons Aelius – 'The Aelian Bridge'</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=-MkgAAAAMAAJ GoogleBooks] George Patrick Welch, ''Britannia, the Roman Conquest and Occupation of Britain'', Wesleyan University Press, 1963, pp 165, 167, 277</ref> og fik navn [[The Castle (Newcastle)|borgen]] som
Newcastles økonomi inkluderer adskillige virksomhedshovedkvarterer, lærignscentre, teknologi, teknologi, detailhandel, turisme og kutlur, og byen bidrager med £13 mia. til Storbritanniens bruttoværditilvækst. Blandt byens vartegn er fodboldklubben [[Newcastle United F.C.|Newcastle United]] [[association football|football]] og [[Tyne Bridge]]. Siden 1981 har der været afholdt [[halvmaraton]]løbet [[Great North Run]], med omkring 57.000 løbere.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/athletics/4986470.stm| title=Great North Run|work=BBC Sport | accessdate=1 October 2008 | date=28. September 2007}}</ref>
== Transport ==
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| accessdate = 23 February 2011
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101127160513/http://www.britainsfinest.co.uk/museums/museums.cfm/searchazref/80001259NEWA
| archive-date = 27. November 2010
| url-status = dead
}}</ref> [[Great North Museum]] der viser livet i Tyneside, inklusive [[skibsbygning]] og opfindelser;<ref name=GreatNorth201102>{{cite web
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| publisher=aboutbritain.com
| url = http://www.aboutbritain.com/hancockmuseum.htm
| accessdate = 23 February 2011}}</ref> og [[Museum of Antiquities|Newcastle on Tyne Museum of Antiquities]] der i 2009 fusionerede med Great North Museum (Hancock Museum);<ref name=MusAntiquities>{{cite web| title = Newcastle on Tyne Museum of Antiquities | publisher = romanobritain.org | year = 2009 | url = http://www.romanobritain.org/9-sites/ste_newcastle_museum_of_antiquities.htm#.U_4MyCY1jIU| accessdate = 27. August 2014}}</ref> [[Seven Stories]], der er nationalt center for børnebøger;<ref name=sstories201102>{{Cite news | last = Brown | first = Jonathon | title = Delight as 'lost' Enid Blyton book is discovered
| newspaper=The Independent |location=UK | date = 23 February 2011
| url = https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/news/delight-as-lost-enid-blyton-book-is-discovered-2222818.html
| accessdate = 23 February 2011}}</ref><ref name=Wilson2010>{{cite news |title=Jacqueline Wilson Helps Birthday Celebrations|first= Ruth|last= Lawson|newspaper= The Evening Chronicle|date= 20. August 2010|url= http://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/north-east-news/evening-chronicle-news/2010/08/20/jacqueline-wilson-helps-birthday-celebrations-72703-27102876/}}</ref> Side Gallery med historisk og moderne fotokunst fra hele verden og særligt [[Nordengland]];<ref name="SideGallery201311">{{cite web| title = Side Gallery| quote = Since opening in 1977, the gallery's been committed to documentary in the tradition of the concerned photographer – our own production/commissions in the North of England and the historical and contemporary work from around the world...| publisher = AmberOnline| url = http://www.amber-online.com/sections/side-gallery| accessdate = 15. November 2013| url-status = dead| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20131012083011/http://www.amber-online.com/sections/side-gallery| archivedate = 12 October 2013| df = dmy-all}}</ref> samt [[Newburn Motor Museum]].<ref name=NewbMMhome>{{cite web
| title = Newburn Motor Museum
| publisher=Newburn Motor Museum
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| accessdate = 7 January 2020}}</ref>
[[Laing Art Gallery]] er et kunstgalleri som gør en del af sin samling tilgængelig online.<ref name=CulturalInstitute20131217>{{cite news | last = Whetstone | first = David| title = Newcastle's Laing Art Gallery opens online to viewers around the world| quote = The gallery has joined the White House, the Palace of Versaille and other museums and galleries around the world | newspaper = The Journal | location = North East England |date = 16. December 2013 | url = http://www.thejournal.co.uk/culture/arts-culture-news/newcastles-laing-art-gallery-opens-6408056 | accessdate = 17. December 2013}}</ref><ref name =CulturalInstitute201312172>{{cite web| title = Laing Art Gallery | work = Art Collections | url = https://www.google.com/culturalinstitute/collections?q=Laing| accessdate = 17. December 2013}}</ref>
== Notable bysbørn ==
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