OECD: Forskelle mellem versioner
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'''Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development''' ('''OECD'''; {{lang-fr|Organisation de Coopération et de Développement Économiques}}, '''OCDE''') er en [[Mellemstatslig organisation|mellemstatslig økonomisk organisation]] med 38 medlemslande,<ref name=membership/> der i 1961 blev grundlagt for at stimulere økonomisk udvikling og verdenshandel. Det er et forum af lande, der beskriver dem selv som forpligtede til [[demokrati]] og [[markedsøkonomi]], hvilket giver en platform til at sammenligne politiske erfaringer, søge svar på fælles problemer, identificere god praksis og koordinere sine medlemmers nationale og internationale politikker. OECD medlemmer er generelt [[Højindkomstland|højindkomstlande]] med en meget høj [[Human Development Index]] (HDI) og bliver anset som værende [[Industriland|i-lande]]. I 2017 udgjorde OECD medlemslandene tilsammen 62,2% af det [[Liste over lande afhængigt af BNP (nominelt)|global nominelle BNP]] (49,6 billioner US$)<ref name="GDP IMF">{{cite web|url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2018/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2017&ey=2017&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=512%2C946%2C914%2C137%2C612%2C546%2C614%2C962%2C311%2C674%2C213%2C676%2C911%2C548%2C193%2C556%2C122%2C678%2C912%2C181%2C313%2C867%2C419%2C682%2C513%2C684%2C316%2C273%2C913%2C868%2C124%2C921%2C339%2C948%2C638%2C943%2C514%2C686%2C218%2C688%2C963%2C518%2C616%2C728%2C223%2C836%2C516%2C558%2C918%2C138%2C748%2C196%2C618%2C278%2C624%2C692%2C522%2C694%2C622%2C142%2C156%2C449%2C626%2C564%2C628%2C565%2C228%2C283%2C924%2C853%2C233%2C288%2C632%2C293%2C636%2C566%2C634%2C964%2C238%2C182%2C662%2C359%2C960%2C453%2C423%2C968%2C935%2C922%2C128%2C714%2C611%2C862%2C321%2C135%2C243%2C716%2C248%2C456%2C469%2C722%2C253%2C942%2C642%2C718%2C643%2C724%2C939%2C576%2C644%2C936%2C819%2C961%2C172%2C813%2C132%2C726%2C646%2C199%2C648%2C733%2C915%2C184%2C134%2C524%2C652%2C361%2C174%2C362%2C328%2C364%2C258%2C732%2C656%2C366%2C654%2C734%2C336%2C144%2C263%2C146%2C268%2C463%2C532%2C528%2C944%2C923%2C176%2C738%2C534%2C578%2C536%2C537%2C429%2C742%2C433%2C866%2C178%2C369%2C436%2C744%2C136%2C186%2C343%2C925%2C158%2C869%2C439%2C746%2C916%2C926%2C664%2C466%2C826%2C112%2C542%2C111%2C967%2C298%2C443%2C927%2C917%2C846%2C544%2C299%2C941%2C582%2C446%2C474%2C666%2C754%2C668%2C698%2C672&s=NGDPD&grp=0&a=&pr.x=45&pr.y=14|title=World Economic Outlook Database|date=17 April 2018|publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]]}}</ref> og 42,8% af det globale BNP (54,2 billioner [[International dollar|Int$]]) korrigeret for [[Købekraftsparitet|købekraft]].<ref name="imf1">{{cite web|url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2018/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=43&pr.y=19&sy=2017&ey=2017&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=512%2C672%2C914%2C946%2C612%2C137%2C614%2C546%2C311%2C962%2C213%2C674%2C911%2C676%2C193%2C548%2C122%2C556%2C912%2C678%2C313%2C181%2C419%2C867%2C513%2C682%2C316%2C684%2C913%2C273%2C124%2C868%2C339%2C921%2C638%2C948%2C514%2C943%2C218%2C686%2C963%2C688%2C616%2C518%2C223%2C728%2C516%2C558%2C918%2C138%2C748%2C196%2C618%2C278%2C624%2C692%2C522%2C694%2C622%2C142%2C156%2C449%2C626%2C564%2C628%2C565%2C228%2C283%2C924%2C853%2C233%2C288%2C632%2C293%2C636%2C566%2C634%2C964%2C238%2C182%2C662%2C359%2C960%2C453%2C423%2C968%2C935%2C922%2C128%2C714%2C611%2C862%2C321%2C135%2C243%2C716%2C248%2C456%2C469%2C722%2C253%2C942%2C642%2C718%2C643%2C724%2C939%2C576%2C644%2C936%2C819%2C961%2C172%2C813%2C132%2C199%2C646%2C733%2C648%2C184%2C915%2C524%2C134%2C361%2C652%2C362%2C174%2C364%2C328%2C732%2C258%2C366%2C656%2C734%2C654%2C144%2C336%2C146%2C263%2C463%2C268%2C528%2C532%2C923%2C944%2C738%2C176%2C578%2C534%2C537%2C536%2C742%2C429%2C866%2C433%2C369%2C178%2C744%2C436%2C186%2C136%2C925%2C343%2C869%2C158%2C746%2C439%2C926%2C916%2C466%2C664%2C112%2C826%2C111%2C542%2C298%2C967%2C927%2C443%2C846%2C917%2C299%2C544%2C582%2C941%2C474%2C446%2C754%2C666%2C698%2C668&s=PPPGDP&grp=0&a=|title=Report for Selected Country Groups and Subjects (PPP valuation of country GDP)|publisher=IMF|access-date=9 May 2018}}</ref> OECD er en officiel [[Observatørstatus i FNs hovedforsamling|FN-observatør]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.un.org/en/sections/member-states/intergovernmental-organizations/index.html|title=Intergovernmental Organizations|website=un.org}}</ref>
I 1948 opstod OECD som '''Organisationen for Europæisk Økonomisk Samarbejde (OEØS)''' (på engelsk: Organisation for European Economic Co-operation (OEEC)),<ref name="oeec" /> under ledelse af [[Robert Marjolin]] fra Frankrig, for at hjælpe med at administrere [[Marshallhjælpen]] (der blev afslået af [[Sovjetunionen]] og dets [[Satellitstat|satellitstater]]).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/soviet-union-rejects-marshall-plan-assistance|title=Soviet Union rejects Marshall Plan assistance This Day in History — 7/2/1947|publisher=History.com|access-date=30 May 2013}}</ref> Dette ville blive opnået ved at allokere økonomisk støtte fra USA og implementere økonomiske programmer til [[Højkonjunkturen efter Anden Verdenskrig|genopbygning af Europa efter Anden Verdenskrig]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.marshallfoundation.org/library/doc_eca.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070217121005/http://www.marshallfoundation.org/library/doc_eca.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=17 February 2007|title=The Economic Cooperation Authority|publisher=Marshallfoundation.org|access-date=30 May 2013}}</ref>
I 1961 blev OEEC blev reformeret til Organisationen for Økonomisk Samarbejde og Udvikling (OECD), og medlemskabet blev udvidet til ikke-europæiske stater.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://marketbusinessnews.com/financial-glossary/oecd-definition-meaning/|title=What is the OECD? Definition and Meaning|website=marketbusinessnews.com|access-date=6 December 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oecd.org/general/organisationforeuropeaneconomicco-operation.htm|title=Organisation for European Economic Co-operation | publisher = OECD |access-date=6 December 2017}}</ref> OECDs hovedsæde er ved [[Château de la Muette]] i Paris, Frankrig.<ref>{{cite web|title=Getting to the OECD|url=http://www.oecd.org/site/conferencecentre/gettingtotheoecd.htm|publisher=OECD|access-date=28 April 2016}}</ref> OECD finansieres med bidrag fra medlemstater til varierende rater og havde i 2019 et samlet budget på 386 millioner euro.<ref name=budget/>
Selvom OECD ikke har beføjelser til at håndhæve dets beslutninger, der yderligere kræver en enstemmig afstemning fra dets medlemmer, anerkendes det som en meget indflydelsesrig udgiver af hovedsageligt økonomiske data gennem publikationer samt årlige evalueringer og rangeringer af medlemslandene.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Organisation-for-Economic-Co-operation-and-Development|access-date=2020-09-08|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en}}</ref>
== Medlemmer ==
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