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[[File:Thoma Loneliness.jpg|thumb|''Loneliness'' by [[Hans Thoma]] ([[National Museum, Warsaw|National Museum]] in [[Warsaw]])]]
'''Ensomhed''' er en ubehagelig [[Følelse (emotion)|følelse]] af at være socialt isoleret. is an unpleasant [[emotion]]al response to perceived [[Social isolation|isolation]]. Loneliness is also described as [[Psychological pain|social pain]]—a psychological mechanism which motivates individuals to seek [[social connection]]s. It is often associated with an unwanted lack of connection and intimacy. Loneliness overlaps and yet is distinct from [[solitude]]. Solitude is simply the state of being apart from others; not everyone who experiences solitude feels lonely. As a subjective emotion, loneliness can be felt even when surrounded by other people; one who feels lonely, is lonely. The causes of loneliness are varied. They include social, mental, emotional, and environmental factors.
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| publisher = [[Psychology Press]]
|isbn = 978-1138026216
}}</ref> Culture is also seen as a cause of loneliness in the sense that [[western culture]] may have been contributing to loneliness, ever since the [[Age of Enlightenment|Enlightenment]] began to favour individualism over older [[Communal work|communal]] values.<ref name = "I&I"/><ref name
| author = [[Fay Bound Alberti]]
| title = A Biography of Loneliness: The History of an Emotion
| year = 2019
| pages = 1–40, 61–83
| publisher = [[Oxford University Press]]
|isbn = 9780198811343
}}</ref><ref name = "Murthy2020">{{cite book
| author = [[Vivek Murthy]]
| title = Together: The Healing Power of Human Connection in a Sometimes Lonely World
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|isbn = 978-0062913296
}}</ref>
===Relationship loss===
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===Self perpetuating===
Long term loneliness can cause various types of maladaptive social cognition, such as [[hypervigilance]] and [[social awkwardness]], which can make it harder for an individual to maintain existing relationships, or establish new ones. Various studies have found that therapy targeted at addressing this maladaptive cognition is the single most effective way of intervening to reduce loneliness, though it does not always work for everyone.<ref name="Cacioppo2016"/><ref name ="Masi2010">{{cite journal |doi=10.1177/1088868310377394 |title=A Meta-Analysis of Interventions to Reduce Loneliness |year=2010 |last1=Masi |first1=C. M. |last2=Chen |first2=H.-Y. |last3=Hawkley |first3=L. C. |last4=Cacioppo |first4=J. T. |journal=Personality and Social Psychology Review |volume=15 |issue=3 |pages=219–66 |pmid=20716644 |pmc=3865701}}</ref><ref name ="AnnJarvisa2020"
|author=Mary-AnnJarvisa |author2=Anita Padmanabhanunnib |author3=Yusentha Balakrishnac |author4=Jennifer Chippsd
|title= The effectiveness of interventions addressing loneliness in older persons: An umbrella review
|journal=International Journal of Africa Nursing Sciences
|volume= 12
|year= 2020
|page= 100177
|doi= 10.1016/j.ijans.2019.100177
|doi-access= free
}}
</ref>
===Social contagion===
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|s2cid=212620349
}}
</ref><ref name = "overview2018"
{{cite |url= https://whatworkswellbeing.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/Full-report-Tackling-loneliness-Oct-2018_0151580300.pdf
|title= An overview of reviews: the effectiveness of interventions to address loneliness at all stages of the life-course
|publisher= whatworkswellbeing.org
|date = October 2018
|author=Christina Victor |author2=Louise Mansfield |author3=Tess Kay |author4=Norma Daykin |author5=Jack Lane |author6=Lily Grigsby Duffy |author7=Alan Tomlinson |author8=Catherine Meads
|access-date=1 March 2020}}
</ref><ref>{{cite journal
|author=Nowland, R. |author2=Necka, E. A. |author3=[[John T. Cacioppo|Cacioppo, J. T.]]
|title=Loneliness and Social Internet Use: Pathways to Reconnection in a Digital World?
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