Selvsamling: Forskelle mellem versioner

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[[Fil:Lipid-like and protein-like self-assembly.jpg|thumb|right|Eksempler på selvsamlede aggregater dannet af a) [[lipid]]er, b) [[protein]]er og c) [[Natriumlaurylsulfat|SDS]]-[[cyclodextrin]]-[[Kompleks (kemi)|kompleks]]er.]]
'''Selvsamling''' refererer til, at [[molekyle]]r [[Spontan proces|spontant]] kan danne strukturer ([[aggregat]]er).<ref name="Israelachvili 503">{{cite book |last1= Israelachvili |first1= Jacob N. |author-link1= |last2= |first2= |author-link2= |last3= |first3= |author-link3= |coauthors= |editor1-first= |editor1-last= |editor1-link= |others= |title= Intermolecular and Surface Forces |url= https://archive.org/details/intermolecularsu00isra_776 |volume= |edition= 3. |year= 2011 |publisher= Academic Press |location= |language= engelsk |isbn= 978-0-12-375182-9 |page= [https://archive.org/details/intermolecularsu00isra_776/page/n534 503]-504 |chapter= 19.1 Introduction: Soft Structures}}</ref> [[Surfaktant]]er i en [[Opløsning (kemi)|opløsning]] vil selvsamle ved en [[kritisk aggregeringskoncentration]].<ref name="Israelachvili 512">{{cite book |last1= Israelachvili |first1= Jacob N. |author-link1= |last2= |first2= |author-link2= |last3= |first3= |author-link3= |coauthors= |editor1-first= |editor1-last= |editor1-link= |others= |title= Intermolecular and Surface Forces |url= https://archive.org/details/intermolecularsu00isra_776 |volume= |edition= 3. |year= 2011 |publisher= Academic Press |location= |language= engelsk |isbn= 978-0-12-375182-9 |page= [https://archive.org/details/intermolecularsu00isra_776/page/n543 512]-513 |chapter= 19.5 The Critical Micelle Concentration (CMC)}}</ref>
 
Selvsamling er essentiel for eksistensen af [[liv]].<ref name="ed nature">{{cite journal |last= Editorial |first= |title=Self-assembling life |journal=[[Nature Nanotechnology]] |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=909 |year=2016 |doi=10.1038/nnano.2016.255 |url= https://www.nature.com/articles/nnano.2016.255}}</ref>
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N\left(\frac{\mu_1^{\circ}-\mu_N^{\circ}}{k_BT}\right)&=\ln\left(\frac{X_N}{NX_1^N}\right)\\
e^{N\left(\frac{\mu_1^{\circ}-\mu_N^{\circ}}{k_BT}\right)}&=\frac{X_N}{NX_1^N}\end{align}</math>
hvor venstresiden er ligevægtskonstant udtrykt ved de kemiske standardpotentialer. <math>X_N</math> er altså givet ved:<ref name="Israelachvili 504">{{cite book |last1= Israelachvili |first1= Jacob N. |author-link1= |last2= |first2= |author-link2= |last3= |first3= |author-link3= |coauthors= |editor1-first= |editor1-last= |editor1-link= |others= |title= Intermolecular and Surface Forces |url= https://archive.org/details/intermolecularsu00isra_776 |volume= |edition= 3. |year= 2011 |publisher= Academic Press |location= |language= engelsk |isbn= 978-0-12-375182-9 |page= [https://archive.org/details/intermolecularsu00isra_776/page/n535 504]-508 |chapter= 19.2 Fundamental Thermodynamic Equations of Self-Assembly}}</ref>
:<math>X_N=N\left(X_1e^{\frac{\mu_1^{\circ}-\mu_N^{\circ}}{k_BT}}\right)^N</math>
I specialtilfældet, hvor standardpotentialerne er lig hinanden, kan eksponentialfunktionen fjernes:
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Det er altså ikke-entropiske bidrag, der gør selvsamling i betydelig grad muligt.<ref name="Israelachvili 509">{{cite book |last1= Israelachvili |first1= Jacob N. |author-link1= |last2= |first2= |author-link2= |last3= |first3= |author-link3= |coauthors= |editor1-first= |editor1-last= |editor1-link= |others= |title= Intermolecular and Surface Forces |url= https://archive.org/details/intermolecularsu00isra_776 |volume= |edition= 3. |year= 2011 |publisher= Academic Press |location= |language= engelsk |isbn= 978-0-12-375182-9 |page= [https://archive.org/details/intermolecularsu00isra_776/page/n540 509]-512 |chapter= 19.3 Conditions Necessary for the Formation of Aggregates}}</ref>
 
=== Den kritiske koncentration ===