Bruger:Nis Hoff/Kladde3: Forskelle mellem versioner

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|billede =
|titel =
|dato = [[28. oktober]] [[1940]] - [[23. april]] [[1941]]
|sted = Sydlige del af [[Balkanhalvøen]]
|casus =
|territorium =
|resultat = Græsk taktisttaktisk sejr, strategisk dødvande
|status =
|part1 = {{Land|flagland|Kongeriget Italien}}<br>{{flagikon|Albanien|1939}} [[Albanien]]
|fører1 = [[Sebastiano Visconti Prasca]] (øverstkommanderende indtil 9. november)<br>[[Ubaldo Soddu]] (november-december)<br>[[Ugo Cavallero]] (øverstkommanderende fra midt i december)
|styrke1 = 529.000 mand, <br>463 fly<ref name="HAF">[http://www.haf.gr/en/history/history/history_6.asp ''Hellenic Air Force History''] Hentet 25. marts 2008</ref>, <br>163 kampvogne
|tab1 = 63.000<ref name="Ro30">Rodogno (2006), p. 30</ref><ref>Irving (2002), p. 374</ref><ref>Cervi (1972), p. 293</ref> døde,<br> >100.000<ref name="Ro30"/> sårede,<br>25.067 savnede,<br>12.368 invalideret af forfrysninger,<br>ca. 23.000 fangne, <br>64 fly (hævdet 24)<ref name="HAF"/>
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Den '''Græsk-italienske krig''' var en konflikt mellem kongeriget [[Italien]] og kongeriget [[Grækenland]], som varede fra [[28. oktober]] [[1940]] til [[23. april]] [[1941]]. Den udgjorde begyndelsen af [[Balkanfelttoget]] i [[2. Verdenskrig]]. Fra [[6. april]] [[1941]] intervenerede [[Nazityskland]] på Italiens side, og konflikten går herefter under betegnelsen [[slaget om Grækenland]]
 
== Regional politicspolitik==
ByI midten af mid-1940, var Mussolini hadi stigende grad grownblevet jealousjaloux ofover [[Adolf Hitler|Hitler]]'s conquestserobringer andog wantedønskede toat provebevise tooverfor hissin [[Axis powers of World War IIAksemagterne|Axis partner]]Aksepartner, thatat hehan couldkunne leadlede ItalyItalien totil similartilsvarende militarymilitære successessucceser.<ref name="C247">Ciano (1946), 247<br>* Svolopoulos (1997), 272</ref> ItalyItalien hadhavde occupiedbesat [[AlbaniaAlbanien]] ini springforåret 1939 andog severaladskillige [[Britishbritiske Empire|British]]støttepunkter strongholdsi in AfricaAfrika ([[ItalianItaliens conquesterobring ofaf BritishBritisk Somaliland]] ini summersommeren 1940), butmen couldkunne notikke boastprale victoriesaf onsejre thei samesamme scalestørrelse assom Nazi GermanyNazityskland. AtSamtidig the same time,ville Mussolini alsounderstrege wantedItaliens tointeresser reassert Italy'sBalkan, interestssom invar thetruet [[Balkans]],af threatenedTyskland. byHan Germanyvar (hepikeret wasaf piquedat that [[Romania]]Rumænien, aet BalkanBalkanland statei indet theder supposedskulle Italianvære influenceden zoneitalienske indflydelseszone, hadhavde accepteret acceptedtysk Germanbeskyttelse protectionaf fordets itsoliefelter ved [[Ploieşti]] oilmidt fieldsi inoktober mid-October)foruden andsikre securebaser baseshvorfra frombritiske whichinteresser [[Unitedi Kingdom|British]]det easternøstlige [[Mediterranean]]Middelhav outpostskunne couldangribes. be attacked.
 
Efter at den græske diktator [[Ioannis Metaxas]] den 28. oktober 1940 havde afvist et italiensk [[ultimatum]], som krævede besættelse af græsk territorium, invaderede italienske styrker Grækenland. Den græske hær svarede igen med et modangreb og tvang italienerne på tilbagetog, og i midten af december havde grækerne besat næsten en fjerdelel af Albanien og holdt 530.000 italienske tropper bundet. I marts 1941 slog en italiensk modoffensiv fejl efter mindre gevinster ved [[Himare]]<ref name="Bu76">Buell (2002), p. 76</ref>. I de første dage af april, mens [[slaget om Grækenland|det tyske angreb]] på Grækenland begyndte, genoptog den italienske hær sine angreb. Fra 12. april begyndte den græske hær at trække sig tilbage fra Albanien for ikke at blive afskåret ved den hurtige tyske fremrykning. Den 20. april kapitulerede den græske Epirusarmé til tyskerne, og den 23. april blev våbenstilstanden udvidet til også at omfatte italienerne, hvilket i praksis afsluttede den græsk-italienske krig.
On 28 October 1940, after Greek dictator [[Ioannis Metaxas]] [[Okhi Day|rejected]] an Italian [[ultimatum]] demanding the occupation of Greek territory, Italian forces invaded Greece. The [[Hellenic Army]] counter-attacked and forced the Italians to retreat and by mid-December, the Greeks occupied nearly a quarter of Albania, tying down 530, 000 Italian troops. In March 1941, a major Italian counter-attack failed, with small gains around Himare<ref name="Bu76">Buell (2002), pages 76</ref>. In the first days of April, as the [[Battle of Greece|German attack]] on Greece unfolded, the Italian army resumed its attacks. From 12 April, the Greek army started retreating from Albania to avoid being cut off by the rapid German advance. On 20 April, the Greek army of Epirus surrendered to the Germans, and on 23 April 1941 the armistice was repeated including the Italians, and effectively ending the Greco-Italian war.
 
TheDen Greekgræske victorysejr over theden initialindledende Italianitalienske offensiveoffensiv ofi Octoberoktober 1940 wasvar theden firstførste Alliedallierede landsejr victory oflandjorden thei Second2. WorldVerdenskrig War,og andhjalp helpedmed raisetil moraleat inhæve occupiedmoralen Europe.i Somedet historiansbesatte {{Who|date=JuneEuropa. 2009}}Nogle arguehistorikere thathævder, at itdet maykan have influencedhaft theindflydelse course ofhele thekrigens entireforløb warved byat forcinghave Germanytvunget toTyskland postponetil theat invasionudskyde ofinvasionen theaf SovietSovjetunionen Unionfor in order toat assisthjælpe ItalyItalien againstmod GreeceGrækenland. ThisDette ledførte totil aet delayedforsinket attackangreb andog subjectedudsatte thede Germantyske forcesstyrker tofor thebetingelserne conditionsi ofden thehårde harshrussiske Russian wintervinter, leadinghvilket toførte theirtil defeatderes atnederlag thei [[BattleSlaget ofom MoscowMoskva]].<ref name ="Riefenstahl">Riefenstahl (1987) pagesp. 295</ref>
 
==Background Baggrund ==
===Græsk-italienske forbindelser i starten af det 20. århundrede ===
===Greco-Italian relations in the early twentieth century===
EverLige since thesiden [[Italian unification]], Italy had aspired to [[Great Power]] status and Mediterranean hegemony. Later, under the [[Italian fascism|Fascist regime]], the establishment of a new [[Roman Empire]], which included Greece, was often proclaimed by Mussolini.
 
Already in the 1910s, Italian and Greek interests clashed over [[Albania]] and the [[Dodecanese]]. Albania, Greece's northwestern neighbour, was from its establishment effectively an Italian protectorate. Both Albania and Greece claimed Northern Epirus, inhabited by a large<ref>[http://www.mfa.gr/www.mfa.gr/en-US/Policy/Geographic+Regions/South-Eastern+Europe/Balkans/Bilateral+Relations/Albania According to data presented at the 1919 Paris Conference, the ethnic Greek minority numbered 120.000.]</ref> Greek population. Furthermore, Italy had been occupying the predominantly Greek-inhabited [[Dodecanese]] islands in the southeastern [[Aegean Sea|Aegean]] since the [[Italo-Turkish War]] of 1912, and although it promised their return in the 1919 [[Eleftherios Venizelos|Venizelos]]-[[Tommaso Tittoni|Tittoni]] accords, it later reneged on the agreement.<ref>Verzijl (1970), pages 396</ref> Clashes between the two countries' troops occurred during the [[Treaty of Sevres|occupation of Anatolia]], and Italy helped the Turkish nationalists in their [[Greco-Turkish War (1919-1922)|war against Greece]].{{Dubious|date=May 2009}}<!--finding this to be a rather dubious statement as Italy and Turkey were mutually antagonistic during this period - Italy was attempting to annex territory from Turkey, as per the Treaty of London. Can someone please check this out and provide a citation? Otherwise it should be pulled.--> In its aftermath, the new Fascist government of Mussolini used the murder of an Italian general at the Greco-Albanian border to [[Corfu incident|bombard and occupy Corfu]], the most important of the [[Ionian Islands]]. These had been under [[Republic of Venice|Venetian]] rule until the late eighteenth century, and a target of Italian expansionism. A period of normalization followed, especially under the premiership of Eleftherios Venizelos in Greece (1928-1932) and the signing of a Friendship Agreement between the two countries on 23 September 1928.
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{{World War II}}
 
[[da{{DEFAULTSORT:Græsk-italienske krig]]}}
[[Category:History of Greece during World War II]]
[[Kategori:Slag i Middelhavsområdet under 2. verdenskrig]]
[[Category:World War II Balkans Campaign]]
[[Category:Wars involving Greece]]
[[Category:Wars involving Italy]]
[[Category:1940 in Greece]]
[[Category:1941 in Greece]]
[[Category:1940 in Italy]]
[[Category:1941 in Italy]]
 
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[[bg:Итало-гръцка война]]
[[da:Græsk-italienske krig]]
[[et:Kreeka-Itaalia sõda]]
[[el:Ελληνοϊταλικός πόλεμος του 1940]]
[[en:Greek-Italian War}}
[[es:Guerra Greco-Italiana]]
[[fr:Guerre italo-grecque]]