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Only in rare moments of special importance, decisions were made in Imperial council. The Imperial government used this special institution to sanction the invasion of China, the [[Greater East Asia War]] and [[Surrender of Japan|to end the war]]. In 1945, executing the decision approved in Imperial conference, Emperor ''Shōwa'' for the only time directly ordered via recorded radio broadcast to all of Japan, as his last role as commander-in-chief, the surrender to United States forces.
==Post WorldEfter War2. verdenskrig II==
=== Selvforsvarende landstyrker ===
===Ground Self Defense Force===
{{hovedartikel|Japanske selvforsvarende landstyrker}}
Artikel 9 i den japanske forfatning giver afkald på retten til at bruge vold som et middel til at løse konflikter.<ref>Harries & Harries, s. 471.</ref> Dette blev vedtaget af japanerne for at undgå militarisme, hvilket havde ført til konflikten. Men i 1947 blev den Offentlige sikkerhedsstyrke dannet, og senere i 1954, under de tidlige faser af [[den kolde krig]], dannede den Offentlige sikkerhedsstyrke grundlag for de nyoprettede Selvforsvarende landstyrker.<ref>Harries & Harries, s. 487.</ref> Selvom den var betydeligt mindre end den tidligere Kejserlige japanske hær og formelt kun til defensive formål, udgør denne styrke den moderne hær i Japan.
=== Fortsat modstand ===
{{main|Japanese Ground Self Defense Force}}
{{hovedartikel|Japanske holdout}}
Article 9 of the Japanese constitution renounced the right to use force as a means of resolving disputes.<ref>Harries & Harries, p. 471.</ref> This was enacted by the Japanese in order to prevent militarism, which had led to conflict. However, in 1947 the Public Security Force formed; later in 1954, with the early stages of the Cold War, the Public Security Force formed the basis of the newly created Ground Self Defense Force.<ref>Harries & Harries, p. 487.</ref> Although significantly smaller than the former Imperial Japanese Army and nominally for defensive purposes only, this force constitutes the modern army of Japan.
SeparatelyHver for sig, somevalgte soldiersnogle ofsoldater thefra Imperialden Japanesekejserlige Armyjapanske hær at [[ JapaneseJapanske holdout| continuedfortsatte tomed fightat onkæmpe isolatedpå Pacificisolerede islandsøer]] untili at[[Stillehavet]] leastindtil themindst 1970s[[1970'erne]], withmed thede lastsidste knownkendte Japanesejapanske soldiersoldater, surrenderingder inovergav sig i 1974 .<ref>Kristof, Nicholas D. [http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=950DE7D81F3BF935A1575AC0A961958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=2 {{en sprog}} "Shoichi Yokoi, 82, Is Dead; Japan Soldier Hid 27 Years,"] ''New York Times.'' September 26 ,. september 1997.</ref><ref>"The Last PCS for Lieutenant Onoda," ''Pacific Stars and Stripes'', March 13 ,. marts 1974, p6s. 6</ref><ref name=stars>"Onoda Home; 'It Was 30 Years on Duty'," ''Pacific Stars and Stripes'', March 14 ,. marts 1974, p7s. 7</ref><ref name=time>[http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,917064,00.html?iid=chix-sphere "The Last Last Soldier?," ''TIME'', January 13 ,. januar 1975]</ref >. Efterretningsofficer [[Hiroo Onoda]], der overgav på [[Lubang (ø)|Lubang]] i [[Filippinerne]] i marts 1974, og [[Teruo Nakamura]], der overgav sig på den [[Indonesien|indonesiske]] ø [[Morotai]] i december 1974, menes at have været det sidste bekræftede holdouts.<ref name=stars/><ref name=time/> ▼
===Continued resistance===
{{Main|Japanese holdout}}
▲Separately, some soldiers of the Imperial Japanese Army [[Japanese holdout|continued to fight on isolated Pacific islands]] until at least the 1970s, with the last known Japanese soldier surrendering in 1974.<ref>Kristof, Nicholas D. [http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=950DE7D81F3BF935A1575AC0A961958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=2 "Shoichi Yokoi, 82, Is Dead; Japan Soldier Hid 27 Years,"] ''New York Times.'' September 26, 1997.</ref><ref>"The Last PCS for Lieutenant Onoda," ''Pacific Stars and Stripes'', March 13, 1974, p6</ref><ref name=stars>"Onoda Home; 'It Was 30 Years on Duty'," ''Pacific Stars and Stripes'', March 14, 1974, p7</ref><ref name=time>[http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,917064,00.html?iid=chix-sphere "The Last Last Soldier?," ''TIME'', January 13, 1975]</ref>
Intelligence officer [[Hiroo Onoda]], who surrendered on [[Lubang Island]] in the [[Philippines]] in March 1974, and [[Teruo Nakamura]], who surrendered on the [[Indonesia]]n island of [[Morotai]] in December 1974, appear to have been the last confirmed holdouts.<ref name=stars/><ref name=time/>
==Ideology==
* Japanese Army Koishikawa Arsenal (Tokyo)
==Organization of the Imperial Japanese Army==
I løbet af den Kejserlige japanske hærs eksistens, blev millioner af soldater enten [[Død|dræbt]], [[sår]]et eller meldt [[savnet i kamp]].
{{main|Organization of the Imperial Japanese Army}}
* [[Taiwan Expedition of-ekspeditionen 1874]]: 543 543 (12 killeddræbt ini battlekamp andog 531 byaf diseasesygdom) ▼{{ImperialJapaneseMilitary}}
* 1. kinesisk-japanske krig: Den kejserlige japanske hær led 13.823 døde og 3.973 sårede
* Russisk-japanske krig: Det samlede antal japanske døde i kamp, anslås til omkring 47.000, med omkring 80.000, hvis sygdom er inkluderet
* 1. verdenskrig: 1.455 japanerne blev dræbt, for det meste ved [[slaget om Tsingtao]]
* 2. verdenskrig:
** Dræbte
*** 2.566.000 kejserlige væbnede styrker døde herunder ikkekampsdødsfald (inklusiv 1.506.000 dræbt i kamp)
*** 672.000 kendte civile døde
** 810 ,.000 [[ missingsavnet ini actionkamp]] andog [[ presumedforment deaddød]] .▼** 7.500 [[krigsfange]]r
==Casualties Se også ==
* [[Kejserlige japanske hæruniformer]]
Over the course of the Imperial Japanese Army's existence, millions of its soldiers were either [[death|killed]], [[wound]]ed or went [[missing in action]].
* [[Kejserlige japanske rationer]]
▲* [[Taiwan Expedition of 1874]]: 543 (12 killed in battle and 531 by disease)
* [[Japanske holdout]], der overgav sig efter 1945
* First Sino-Japanese War: The IJA suffered 13,823 dead and 3,973 wounded
* [[Japanske militærrang]]
* Russo-Japanese War: The number of total Japanese dead in combat is put at around 47,000, with around 80,000 if disease is included
** [[Hærrang i Kejserriget Japan under 2. verdenskrig]]
* World War I: 1,455 Japanese were killed, mostly at the [[Battle of Tsingtao]]
** [[Gensui (Japan)|Gensui]] (marskal)
* World War II:
* [[Japanske krigsforbrydelser]]
** Deaths
* [[Rikugun Shikan Gakko]] (Kejserlige japanske hærakademi)▼*** 2,566,000 Imperial Armed Forces dead including non-combat deaths (includes 1,506,000 killed in action),
* [[Angreb nord-gruppen]]
*** 672,000 known civilian dead,
* [[Nanshin-ron|Angreb syd-gruppen]]
▲** 810,000 [[missing in action]] and [[presumed dead]].
* [[Mudanhændelsen 1871]]
** 7,500 [[prisoner of war|prisoners of war]]
* [[Æresmedalje (Japan)|Æresmedalje]]
==See alsoNoter ==
* [[Artillery of Japan]]
* [[Double Leaf Society]]
* [[Ethnic Taiwanese Imperial Japan Serviceman]]
* [[Imperial Japanese Army Uniforms]]
* [[Imperial Japanese rations]]
* [[Imperial Way Faction]] or Kodô-Ha
* [[Japanese Army and Navy Strategies for South Seas areas (1942)]]
* [[Japanese Army Railways and Shipping Section]]
* [[Japanese holdout]]s ("stragglers") who surrendered after 1945
* [[Japanese military ranks]]
** [[Army ranks of the Japanese Empire during World War II]]
** [[Marshal (Japan)]]
* [[Japanese war crimes]]
* [[Kokuryu-kai]]—The Black Dragon Society
* [[List of Bombs in use by Imperial Japanese Army]]
* [[List of Japanese Army military engineer vehicles of World War II]]
* [[List of Japanese government and military commanders of World War II]]
* [[List of Japanese military equipment of World War II]]
* [[List of Radars in use by Imperial Japanese Army]]
* [[Military Medals of Honor (Japan)]]
* [[Naval ranks of the Japanese Empire during World War II]]
▲* [[Rikugun Shikan Gakko]]
* [[Strike North Group]]
* [["Strike South" Group]]
* [[Tosei-Ha]]
* [[Mudan Incident of 1871]]
==References==
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