Bruger:Christian89/Sandkasse2: Forskelle mellem versioner
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==== Brug af stoffer ====
[[Amfetamin]], [[kokain]] og til en mindre grad [[alkohol]] kan resultere i [[psykose]]r lignende skizofreni.<ref name=BMJ07/><ref name=alcohol>{{cite web|url=http://www.emedicine.com/med/topic3113.htm |title=Alcohol-Related Psychosis |accessdate=September 27, 2006 |author=Larson, Michael |date=2006-03-30 |work=eMedicine |publisher=WebMD}}</ref> Der ses ligeledes et højere forbrug af [[nikotin]] blandt individer lidende af skizofreni sammenlignet med den generelle befolkning. Nikotin menes dog ikke at bidrage til udviklingen af lidelsen.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Sagud M, Mihaljević-Peles A, Mück-Seler D, ''et al.'' |title=Smoking and schizophrenia |journal=Psychiatr Danub |volume=21 |issue=3 |pages=371–5 |year=2009 |month=September |pmid=19794359 |url=http://www.hdbp.org/psychiatria_danubina/pdf/dnb_vol21_no3/dnb_vol21_no3_371.pdf}}</ref> Cirka halvdelen af skizofrene indtager større mængder alkohol eller anndre stoffer.<ref name="Gregg_et_al_2007"/> Nyere undersøgelser støtter en sammenhæng mellem tidlig psykose debut og cannabis brug - alkoholbrug er derimod ikke associeret med tidlig indsættende psykose.<ref>{{
There is evidence that [[alcohol abuse]] via a [[kindling (sedative-hypnotic withdrawal)|kindling mechanism]] can occasionally cause the development of a chronic substance induced psychotic disorder, i.e. schizophrenia.<ref name=emedicine>{{EMedicine|med|3113|Alcohol-Related Psychosis}}</ref> The more often [[cannabis]] is used, the more likely a person is to develop a psychotic illness,<ref>{{vcite journal |author=Moore THM, Zammit S, Lingford-Hughes A ''et al.'' |year=2007 |title= Cannabis use and risk of psychotic or affective mental health outcomes: a systematic review |journal=Lancet |volume=370 |issue=9584 |pages=319–328 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61162-3 |pmid=17662880}}</ref> with frequent use being correlated with twice the risk of psychosis and schizophrenia.<ref>{{vcite journal|author=Sewell RA, Ranganathan M, D'Souza DC|title=Cannabinoids and psychosis|journal=International review of psychiatry (Abingdon, England)|date=2009 Apr|volume=21|issue=2|pages=152–62|pmid=19367509|doi=10.1080/09540260902782802}}</ref> Whether cannabis use is a contributory cause of schizophrenia, rather than a behavior that is simply associated with it, remains controversial.<ref name="Genes10"/><ref name="Amar2007">{{vcite journal|author=Ben Amar M, Potvin S|title=Cannabis and psychosis: what is the link?|journal=Journal of Psychoactive Drugs|date=2007 Jun|volume=39|issue=2|pages=131–42|pmid=17703707|doi=10.1080/02791072.2007.10399871}}</ref>
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