Ultraviolet lys: Forskelle mellem versioner

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===UV-strålingens fysiske betydning===
UV forekommer naturligt i solstråling. UVD og UVC absorberes fuldstændigt i atmosfæren og når altså ikke ned til Jordens overflade. UVB absorberes i vid udstrækning i [[ozonlaget]]. UVA absorberes ikke i atmosfæren og når altså usvækket frem til Jordens overflade.
 
UV kan også frembringes vha. særlige lamper. Almindelige glødepærer udsender en beskeden mængde UV. En mere effeltiv UV-kilde haves i [[lysstofrør]].
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<ref>[http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs271/en/ WHO: Ultraviolet radiation: global solar UV index] Citat: "...Water offers only minimal protection from UV radiation, and reflections from water can enhance your UV radiation exposure..."</ref>
<ref>[http://ohioline.osu.edu/hyg-fact/5000/5550.html Sun Exposure: Precautions and Protection] Citat: "...Ultraviolet rays penetrate water but lose half their intensity. Nevertheless, burning can occur on parts of the body submerged in the water..."</ref>
<ref>[http://www.macam.com/refer.htm Fra: Penetration of solar UVB radiation in shallow tropical waters and its potential biological effects on coral reef; results from the central Indian Ocean and Andaman Sea. Richard P. Dunne, Barbara E. Brown. Department of Marine Science and Costal Management, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom. Marine Ecology Progress Series Vol. 144: pp 109-118, 1996] Citat: "...Penetration of solar UVB radiation in shallow tropical waters and its potential biolbiological effects on coral reef; results from the central Indian Ocean and Andaman Sea...Ed (UVB) at 5 m depth was found to decrease to 12% of the incident irradiance at the mid ocean atoll, to 2% for the high island site, and to 0.4% in the turbid waters of the inshore reef. A 1% Ed(UVB) depth was computed for each site and found to be 11, 6 and 3 m respectively..."</ref>
<ref>[http://www.yorku.ca/lel/ Amphibians and Ultraviolet Radiation] Citat: "...The more DOC [Disolved Organic Carbon], the less UVB that will penetrate beyond just the upper surface layers of water. For example, in a marsh with 13 mg C per liter of water, the surface level of UVB was reduced to 55% at just 1.4 cm deep; at 3.0 cm, the UVB was less than 5% of surface values, and at 5 cm depth, the UVB was just 2% of surface..."</ref>.
 
Viduesglas absorberer UVA og UVB, så man bliver altså ikke brun ved at opholde sig i en vindueskarm. [[Krystalglas]] derimod som består af næsten rent [[kvarts]], tillader passage af UVA og UVB. Da [[halogenpære]]r normalt er lavet af tyndt krystalglas, udsender de UVA og UVB. Derfor skal [[halogenpære]]r ifølge lovkrav afskærmes af minimum 2 mm UV-absorberende glas i lampen.
 
Eksponering med UV er dog ikke udelukkende skadelig. Bl.a. dannes der gavnligt D<sub>3</sub>-[[vitamin]] i huden når den eksponeres for UV. Af samme grund anbefales mennesker med mørk hud eller tradition for tildækning med tøj at indtage D<sub>3</sub>-[[vitamin]] som kosttilskud.
 
Solbadning har en gavnlig virkning på visse hudforandringer og hudsygdomme. [[Niels Finsen]] var pionér på dette område. Han indførte bl.a. UV-behandling af hudtuberkulose i slutningen af 1800-tallet.
 
UVB og UVC ødelægger de fleste organiske molekyler. UV-lamper anvendes derfor til at sterilisere hospitalsudstyr.
 
==Kilder/referencer==
*[http://msp.rmit.edu.au/Article_01/02.html Reflected Ultraviolet Photography - Ultraviolet radiation]
*[http://www.epa.gov/sunwise/uvradiation.html EPA SunWise UV Radiation]
*[http://www.physlink.com/Education/AskExperts/ae300.cfm Question: What is the wavelength of UVa, UVb, and UVc light measured in nanometers, and frequency (in Hz)?]
<References/>
 
==Se også==
*[[Sollys]]
*[[Solbruning]]
*[[Lysstofrør]]
*[[Ultraviolet lampe]], [[Ultraviolet lysstofrør]]
*[[Ozonlag]]
*[[UV-index]]
 
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[[Kategori:Fysik]]
[[Kategori:Lys]]
 
[[cs:Ultrafialové záření]]
[[de:Ultraviolettstrahlung]]
[[en:Ultraviolet]]
[[eo:Ultraviola radiado]]
[[es:Radiación ultravioleta]]
[[fi:Ultraviolettisäteily]]
[[fr:Ultraviolet]]
[[gl:Ultravioleta]]
[[he:על סגול]]
[[hr:Ultraljubičasto zračenje]]
[[id:Ultraungu]]
[[io:Ultreviolea]]
[[is:Útfjólublátt ljós]]
[[it:Radiazione ultravioletta]]
[[ja:紫外線]]
[[ko:자외선]]
[[lt:UV]]
[[lv:Ultravioletais starojums]]
[[ms:Ultraungu]]
[[nds:Ultraviolett]]
[[nl:Ultraviolet licht]]
[[no:Ultrafiolett stråling]]
[[pl:Ultrafiolet]]
[[pt:Radiação ultravioleta]]
[[ru:Ультрафиолетовое излучение]]
[[simple:Ultraviolet]]
[[sk:Ultrafialové žiarenie]]
[[sl:Ultravijolično valovanje]]
[[sv:Ultraviolett strålning]]
[[ta:புற ஊதா கதிர்]]
[[tr:Ultraviyole]]
[[uk:Ультрафіолетова радіація]]
[[vi:Tia cực tím]]
[[zh:紫外线]]