Den industrielle revolution: Forskelle mellem versioner

Nogle historikere fra det [[20. århundrede]] såsom [[John Clapham]] og [[Nicholas Crafts]] har hævdet, at processen med økonomiske og sociale forandringer foregik gradvisgradvist, og at begrebet ''[[revolution (omvæltning)|revolution]]'' ikke er dækkende for måden, det foregik på. Dette diskuteres fortsat blandt historikere.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.2307/2598327 |title=Rehabilitating the Industrial Revolution |year=1992 |author=Berg, Maxine |journal=The Economic History Review |volume=45 |pages=24}}</ref><ref>[http://www.julielorenzen.net/berg.html Rehabilitating the Industrial Revolution] by Julie Lorenzen, Central Michigan University. Hentet november 2006.</ref> Hvor [[BNP pr. indbygger]] stort set var stabil før den industrielle revolution og fremkomsten af den moderne [[kapitalistisk]]e økonomi,<ref>{{Cite web | publisher = Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis | url = http://www.minneapolisfed.org/pubs/region/04-05/essay.cfm | title = The Industrial Revolution | accessdate = 2007-11-14 | author = [[Robert Lucas, Jr.]] | year = 2003 | quote = it is fairly clear that up to 1800 or maybe 1750, no society had experienced sustained growth in per capita income. (Eighteenth century population growth also averaged one-third of 1 percent, the same as production growth.) That is, up to about two centuries ago, per capita [[real income|incomes]] in all societies were stagnated at around $400 to $800 per year. }}</ref> betød den industrielle revolution indledningen af en æra med økonomisk vækst i indkomsten pr. indbygger i de kapitalistiske økonomier.<ref>{{Cite web | url = http://www.minneapolisfed.org/pubs/region/04-05/essay.cfm | title = The Industrial Revolution ''Past and Future'' | first = Robert | last = Lucas | year = 2003 | quote = [consider] annual growth rates of 2.4 percent for the first 60 years of the 20th century, of 1 percent for the entire 19th century, of one-third of 1 percent for the 18th century }}</ref> Der er bred enighed blandt historikere, at den industrielle revolution er en af de vigtigste begivenheder i historien.<ref>[http://www.econlib.org/library/Enc/IndustrialRevolutionandtheStandardofLiving.html Industrial Revolution and the Standard of Living: The Concise Encyclopedia of Economics], Library of Economics and Liberty</ref>

Under den industrielle revolution forøgedes børns forventede levetid dramatisk. Andelen af børn i London, som døde inden de fyldte fem år, faldt fra 74,5 % i 1730–1749 til 31,8 % i 1810–1829.<ref name="Buer">Mabel C. Buer, ''Health, Wealth and Population in the Early Days of the Industrial Revolution'', London: George Routledge & Sons, 1926, p. 30 ISBN 0-415-38218-1</ref> Ligeledes var der en betydeligt vækst i arbejdernes aflønning i perioden 1813-1913.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1006/exeh.1994.1007 |title=Trends in Real Wages in Britain, 1750-1913 |year=1994 |author=Crafts, N |journal=Explorations in Economic History |volume=31 |pages=176}}</ref><ref>[http://www.econlib.org/library/Enc/IndustrialRevolutionandtheStandardofLiving.html Industrial Revolution and the Standard of Living] Fra www.econlib.org, downloadet 17. juli 2006.</ref><ref>R.M. Hartwell, ''The Rising Standard of Living in England, 1800-1850'', Economic History Review, 1963, page 398 ISBN 0-631-18071-0</ref>