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Nikolay Bogolyubov was born on 21 August 1909 in [[Nizhny Novgorod]], [[Russian Empire]]
'''The Bogolyubovs relocated to the village of Velikaya Krucha in the [[Poltava Governorate]] (now in [[Poltava Oblast]], [[Ukraine]]) in 1919''', where the young Nikolay Bogolyubov began to study physics and mathematics. The family soon moved to [[Kiev]] in 1921, where they continued to live in poverty as the elder Nikolay Bogolyubov only found a position as a priest in 1923.<ref name = "A.N. Bogolyubov 2009">Bogolyubov, A. N. (2009). ''[http://bogolubov.jinr.ru/biography.php "Nikolay Nikolayevich Bogolyubov".]'' ''N. N. Bogolyubov: K 100-letiyu so dnya rozhdeniya'' (Joint Institute for Nuclear Research). Retrieved 8 January 2012. {{ru icon}}</ref>
'''He attended research seminars in [[Kiev University]]''' and soon started to work under the supervision of the well-known contemporary mathematician [[Nikolay Mitrofanovich Krylov|Nikolay Krylov]]. In 1924, at the age of 15, Nikolay Bogolyubov wrote his first published scientific paper ''On the behavior of solutions of linear differential equations at infinity''. In 1925 he entered Ph.D. '''program at the Academy of Sciences of the [[Ukrainian SSR]] and obtained the degree of [[Kandidat Nauk]]''' (''Candidate of Sciences'', equivalent to a Ph.D.) in 1928, at the age of 19, with the doctoral thesis titled ''On direct methods of variational calculus''. '''In 1930, at the age of 21, he obtained the degree of [[Doktor nauk]] (''Doctor of Sciences'', equivalent to [[Habilitation]]), the highest degree in the Soviet Union, which requires the recipient to have made a significant independent contribution to his or her scientific field.'''
This early period of Bogolyubov's work in science was concerned with such mathematical problems as direct methods of the [[calculus of variations]], the theory of [[almost periodic function]]s, methods of approximate solution of [[differential equation]]s, and [[dynamical systems]]. This earlier research had already earned him recognition. One of his essays was awarded the [[Bologna Academy of Sciences]] Prize in 1930, and the author was awarded the erudite degree of doctor of mathematics. This was the period when the scientific career of the young Nikolai Bogolyubov began, later producing new scientific trends in modern mathematics, physics, and mechanics.
Since 1931, Krylov and Bogolyubov worked together on the problems of nonlinear mechanics and nonlinear oscillations. They were the key figures in the '''"Kiev school of nonlinear oscillation research"''', where their cooperation resulted in the paper "''On the quasiperiodic solutions of the equations of nonlinear mechanics''" (1934) and the book ''Introduction to Nonlinear Mechanics'' (1937; translated to English in 1947) leading to a creation of a large field of non-linear mechanics.
{{Quotation|And this can explain, as the authors believe, the need to shape the collection of problems of non-linear perturbation theory into a special science, which could be named NON-LINEAR MECHANICS.|N. M. Krylov and N. N. Bogolyubov|New methods in non-linear mechanics|ONTI GTTI, Moscow-Leningrad, 1934}}
'''Distinctive features of the Kiev School''' approach included an emphasis on the computation of solutions (not just a proof of its existence), approximations of periodic solutions, use of the invariant manifolds in the phase space, and applications of a single unified approach to many different problems. From a [[control engineering]] point of view, the '''key achievement of the Kiev School''' was the development by Krylov and Bogolyubov of the [[describing function]] method for the analysis of nonlinear control problems.
'''In the period 1928—1973, Nikolay Bogolyubov worked in the [http://www.bitp.kiev.ua/index.php?lang=en Institute for Theoretical Physics] of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR holding the position of the Director of the institute since 1965. He lectured at Kiev University in the period 1936—1959'''.
After the [[Operation Barbarossa|German attack]] against the [[Soviet Union]] on 22 June 1941 (beginning of the [[Great Patriotic War (term)|Great Patriotic War]]), most institutes and universities from west part of Russia were evacuated into east regions far from the battle lines. Nikolay Bogolyubov moved to [[Ufa]], where he became Head of the Departments of Mathematical Analysis at [[Ufa State Aviation Technical University]] and at [[Bashkir State University|Ufa Pedagogical Institute]], remaining on these positions during the period of July 1941 – August 1943.
In autumn 1943, Bogolyubov came from evacuation to Moscow and on 1 November 1943 he accepted a position in the Department of Theoretical Physics at the [[Moscow State University]] (MSU). At that time the Head of the Department was [[Anatoly Vlasov]] (for a short period in 1944 the Head of the Department was [[Vladimir Fock]]). Theoretical physicists working in the department in that period included [[Dmitry Ivanenko]], [[Arsenij Sokolov]], and other physicists.
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On 26 January 1953, Nikolay Bogolyubov became the Head of the Department of Theoretical Physics at MSU, after Anatoly Vlasov decided to leave the position on January 2, 1953.
[[File:N.Bogolyubov.jpg|thumb|N.Bogolyubov]]
In 1947, Nikolay Bogolyubov organized and became the Head of the Department of Theoretical Physics at the [[Steklov Mathematical Institute]]. In 1969, the Department of Theoretical Physics was separated into the Departments of Mathematical Physics (Head [[Vasily Vladimirov]]), of Statistical Mechanics, and of Quantum Field Theory (Head [[Mikhail Polivanov]]). While working in the Steklov Institute, Nikolay Bogolyubov and his school contributed to science with many important works including works on renormalization theory, [[renormalization group]], axiomatic [[S-matrix]] theory, and works on the theory of dispersion relations.
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In the late 1940s and 1950s, Bogoliubov worked on the theory of [[superfluid]]ity and [[superconductivity]], where he developed the method of [[BBGKY hierarchy]] for a derivation of kinetic equations, formulated microscopic theory of superfluidity, and made other essential contributions. Later he worked on [[quantum field theory]], where introduced the [[Bogoliubov transformation]], formulated and proved the [[edge-of-the-wedge theorem|Bogoliubov's edge-of-the-wedge theorem]] and [[Bogoliubov-Parasyuk theorem]] (with [[Ostap Parasyuk]]), and obtained other significant results. In the 1960s his attention turned to the [[quark]] model of [[hadrons]]; in 1965 he was among the first scientists to study the new [[quantum number]] [[color charge]].
In 1946, Nikolay Bogoliubow was elected as a Corresponding Member of the [[Academy of Sciences of the USSR]]. He was elected a full '''member ([[academician]]) of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR''' and in full member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR in 1953.
;Soviet
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;Memory
Institutions, awards and locations have been named in Bogolyubov's memory:
* '''Bogoliubov Institute of Theoretical Physics [[National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine]] (Kiev, Ukraine)'''
* '''[[Bogolyubov Prize (NASU)|Bogolyubov Prize]] ([[National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine]])''' for scientists with outstanding contribution to theoretical physics and applied mathematics
* Commemorative plaque at the entrance of the Physics Department of Moscow State University
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In 2009, the [[centenary]] of Nikolay Bogolyubov's birth was celebrated with two conferences in Russia and Ukraine:
*[http://theor.jinr.ru/~bog2009/ International Bogolyubov Conference: Problems of Theoretical and Mathematical Physics] 21–27 August, Moscow-Dubna, Russia.
*'''[http://www.bitp.kiev.ua/bogolyubov2009/ Bogolyubov Kyiv Conference: Modern Problems of Theoretical and Mathematical Physics] 15–18 September, [[Kiev]], Ukraine.'''
==Research==
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