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{{Infobox Organization
|name = London Passenger Transport Board
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|map = LPTA map.png
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|mcaption = London Passenger Transport Area
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|formation = 1933 ([[London Passenger Transport Act 1933]])
|extinction = 1948 ([[Transport Act 1947]])
|type = Public body
|status =
|purpose = Transport authority
|headquarters = [[55 Broadway]], Westminster, London
|location =
|region_served = [[County of London|London]] and within {{convert|30|mi|km}} of [[Charing Cross]]
|membership =
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}}
The '''London Passenger Transport Board''' ('''LPTB''') was the organisation responsible for local public transport in [[London]] and its environs from 1933 to 1948. In common with all London transport authorities from 1933 to 2000, the public name and brand was [[London Transport (brand)|London Transport]].
==History==
The LPTB was set up by the [[London Passenger Transport Act 1933]] enacted on 13 April 1933.<ref name=RM196409>{{Cite journal |editor-first=B.W.C. |editor-last=Cooke |date=September 1964 |title=The Why and the Wherefore: London Transport Board |journal=[[Railway Magazine]] |volume=110 |issue=761 |publisher=Tothill Press |location=Westminster |page=739 }}</ref> The bill had been introduced by [[Herbert Morrison (politician)|Herbert Morrison]], who was [[Secretary of State for Transport|Transport Minister]] in the [[Second MacDonald ministry|Labour Government]] until 1931. Because the legislation was a [[hybrid bill]] it had been possible to allow it to 'roll over' into the new parliament under the incoming [[First National ministry|National Government]]. The new government, although dominated by [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservatives]], decided to continue with the bill with no serious changes, despite its extensive transfer of private undertakings into the public sector.{{citation needed|date=March 2010}} On 1 July 1933 the LPTB came into being, covering the "London Passenger Transport Area".<ref name=RM196409 />
==The board==
The LPTB had a chairman and six other members. The members were chosen jointly by five "appointing trustees" listed in the Act:
* The [[List of chairmen of the London County Council|chairman]] of the [[London County Council]];
* A representative of the [[London and Home Counties Traffic Advisory Committee]];
* The chairman of the Committee of London Clearing Banks;
* The president of the [[Law Society]]; and
* The president of the [[Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales]].
The Act required that the board members should be ''"persons who have had wide experience, and have shown capacity, in transport, industrial, commercial or financial matters or in the conduct of public affairs and, in the case of two members, shall be persons who have had not less than six years' experience in local government within the London Passenger Transport Area."''<ref name="plummer">{{Cite journal| first=Alfred |last=Plummer |title=The London Passenger Transport Act of 1933: A New Socialization |work=The Quarterly Journal of Economics |volume=48 | issue=1 |date= November 1933 |pages=181–193 |doi=10.2307/1884802}}</ref>
The first chairman and vice-chairman were [[Albert Stanley, 1st Baron Ashfield|Lord Ashfield]] and [[Frank Pick]], who had held similar positions with the [[Underground Group]]. Members of the board had a term of office of between three and seven years, and were eligible for reappointment.
===Members===
*Lord Ashfield, 1933–1947<ref name="plummer"/><ref name="T1940">LPTB Chairman, ''The Times'', 18 April 1940</ref>
*[[Frank Pick]], 1933–1940<ref name="plummer"/><ref name="T1940"/>
*Sir John Gilbert (London County Council), 1933–1934<ref name="plummer"/>
*Sir Edward Holland (Surrey County Council), 1933–1939<ref name="plummer"/><ref>Obituaries: Sir John Gilbert, ''The Times'', 24 December 1934</ref><ref>Obituary: Sir Edward Holland, ''The Times'', 28 December 1939</ref>
*[[Patrick Ashley Cooper]], director of the [[Bank of England]], latterly Sir Patrick and Governor of the [[Hudson's Bay Company]]<ref name="plummer"/>
*Sir [[Henry Maybury]], civil engineer, chairman of the London and Home Counties Traffic Advisory Committee, 1933–1943<ref name="plummer"/>
*[[John Cliff]], secretary of the [[Transport and General Workers Union]], 1933–1947<ref name="plummer"/>
*[[Charles Latham, 1st Baron Latham|Charles Latham]], (London County Council) 1935–1947<ref>New member of LPTB, ''The Times'', 26 January 1935</ref><ref>LPTB appointments, ''The Times'', 10 December 1937</ref>
*Colonel Forester Clayton, 1939–1947<ref>LPTB appointments, ''The Times'', 14 March 1939</ref>
*William Charles Henry Whitney (co founder){{cn|date=October 2014}}
*Colonel C G Vickers, 1941-47<ref name=LPTB14>14th LPTB Annual Report {{full|date=June 2016}}</ref>
*William Neville, 1946-47<ref name=LPTB14 />
*Sir Gilfrid Craig, 1944-46<ref name=LPTB13>13th LPTB Annual Report {{full|date=June 2016}}</ref>
*Sir Edward Hardy, 1946-47<ref name=LPTB13 />
*Geoffrey Hayworth, 1942-47<ref>10th LPTB Annual Report {{full|date=June 2016}}</ref>
Latham and Cliff become chairman and vice-chairman of the successor [[London Transport Executive]] in 1947.
==London Passenger Transport Area==
The London Passenger Transport Area had an approximate radius of {{convert|30|mi|km}} from [[Charing Cross]], extending beyond the boundaries of what later officially became [[Greater London]] to [[Baldock]] in the north, [[Brentwood, Essex|Brentwood]] in the east, [[Horsham]] in the south and [[High Wycombe]] in the west.
{| border=1 cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" width="600" align="center"
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|colspan=2 align=center bgcolor="#ff9999"| '''London Passenger Transport Area 1933–1947'''
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[[Image:LPTA map.png|300px]]
|valign="top"|
The '''London Passenger Transport Area''' is outlined in red, with the LPTB "'''special area'''", in which it had a monopoly of local road public transport, shown by a broken black line. The boundary of the [[Metropolitan Police District]] at the time is shown as a blue broken line, and the [[County of London]] is shaded in grey. Roads over which the LPTB was allowed to run services outside its area are shown by broken red lines.
Within the special area services operated by the LPTB did not need road service licences, and no person or undertaking was allowed to provide a public road service without written permission from the LPTB. In the London Passenger Transport Area outside the special area the LPTB was required to hold road service licences.<ref>''The History of British Bus Services'', John Hibbs, Second Edition, Newton Abbot, 1979</ref>
|}
==Responsibilities==
{{main|List of transport undertakings transferred to the London Passenger Transport Board}}
Under the Act the LPTB acquired the following concerns:
===
*[[Underground Electric Railways Company of London]], which controlled:
** [[London Electric Railway]], the management company of:
*** [[Baker Street & Waterloo Railway|Bakerloo line]]
*** [[Great Northern, Piccadilly and Brompton Railway|Piccadilly line]]
*** [[Charing Cross, Euston and Hampstead Railway|Hampstead & Highgate line]] (now [[Northern line]] Charing Cross, Edgware and High Barnet branches)
** [[City and South London Railway]] (now Northern line Bank and Morden branches)
** [[Central London Railway]]
** [[District Railway]]
* [[Metropolitan Railway]], which controlled:
** [[Northern City Line|Great Northern & City Railway]]
===Tramways===
* [[London County Council Tramways|London County Council]] ({{convert|167.17|mi|km}} of route, including tracks owned by the Borough of Leyton and the City of London) and 1,713 trams
*[[Middlesex County Council]] ({{convert|42.63|mi|km}} of route, leased to Metropolitan Electric Tramways)
*[[Hertfordshire County Council]] ({{convert|21.5|mi|km}} of route, leased to Metropolitan Electric Tramways)
*[[City of London]] ({{convert|0.25|mi|km}} of route, operated by London County Council)
*[[Municipal Borough of Barking|Barking]] Corporation (operated by Ilford Corporation, London County Council and East Ham Corporation since 1929) ({{convert|1.8|mi|km}} of route)
*[[Municipal Borough of Bexley|Bexley]] and [[Municipal Borough of Dartford|Dartford]] Urban District Councils (joint undertaking since 1921) ({{convert|10.29|mi|km}} of route and 33 trams)
*[[Croydon Corporation Tramways]] ({{convert|9.28|mi|km}} of route and 55 trams)
*[[East Ham Corporation Tramways]] ({{convert|8.34|mi|km}} of route and 56 trams)
*[[Erith Urban District Council Tramways]] ({{convert|4|mi|km}})
*[[Ilford Urban District Council Tramways]] ({{convert|7.13|mi|km}} of route and 40 trams)
*[[Leyton Urban District Council Tramways|Leyton Corporation Tramways]] (operated by London County Council since 1921) ({{convert|9.0|mi|km}} of routes)
*[[Walthamstow Urban District Council Light Railways]] ({{convert|8.93|mi|km}} of route and 62 trams)
*[[West Ham Corporation Tramways]] Corporation ({{convert|16.27|mi|km}} of route and 134 trams)
*[[London United Tramways]] ({{convert|29.05|mi|km}} of route, 150 trams and 61 [[Trolleybuses in London|trolleybuses]])
*[[Metropolitan Electric Tramways]] ({{convert|53.51|mi|km}} of route, of which {{convert|9.38|mi|km}} were owned by the company, {{convert|46.23|mi|km}} leased from Middlesex County Council and {{convert|21.5|mi|km}} from Hertfordshire County Council and 316 trams)
*[[South Metropolitan Electric Tramways]] ({{convert|13.08|mi|km}} of route and 52 trams)<ref>''London's Trams and Trolleybuses'', John R. Day, published by London Transport 1979</ref>
===Buses and coaches===
* London General, London General Country Services, Overground, Tilling & British Automobile Traction, Green Line Coaches
==Further history==
The LPTB was empowered to enter into co-ordination agreements with the main line railway companies concerning their suburban services.
Ninety-two transport and ancillary undertakings, with a capital of approximately £120 million, came under the LPTB. Central buses, trolleybuses, underground trains and trams were painted in "Underground" and "London General" red, coaches and country buses in green, with coaches branded [[Green Line Coaches|"Green Line"]]. Already in use on most of the tube system, "U<small>NDERGROUN</small>D" branding was extended to all lines and stations. The name was said to have been coined by [[Albert Stanley, 1st Baron Ashfield]] in 1908 when he was General Manager of the [[Underground Electric Railways Company of London|Underground Group]].
The LPTB embarked on a £35 million capital investment programme that extended services and reconstructed many existing assets, mostly under the umbrella of the 1935–1940 "[[New Works Programme]]". Although only about £21 million of the capital was spent before World War Two it allowed extensions to the Central, Bakerloo, Northern and Metropolitan lines; new trains and maintenance depots; extensive rebuilding of many central area stations (such as Aldgate East); and replacement of much of the tram network by what was to become one of the world's largest trolleybus systems. During this period two icons of London Transport were first seen: [[London Underground 1938 Stock|1938 tube stock]] trains and the [[AEC Regent III RT|RT-type bus]]. Although curtailed and delayed by the outbreak of World War Two, the programme also delivered some key elements of the present overground sections of the Underground system. However, the most profound change enacted by the Board through the new works was the transition from tram to trolleybus operation alluded to earlier. In 1933 the LPTB had operated 327 route miles of tramways and 18 route miles of trolleybuses. By 1948 these totals were 102 and 255 miles respectively. The final disappearance of trams in 1952 was regretted by some sections of the staff and the public, but in terms of impact on users this was probably the most visible and dramatic change in the period.
The LPTB continued to develop the corporate identity, design and commercial advertising that had been put in place by the Underground Group. This included stations designed by [[Charles Holden]]; bus garages by architects such as Wallis, Gilbert & Partners; and more humble structures such as bus stops and shelters. The posters and advertising issued by the LPTB were often of exemplary quality and are still much sought after.
The LPTB was replaced in 1948 by the London Transport Executive under the [[Transport Act 1947]]. It was effectively nationalised, but with considerable autonomy. The LPTB continued to exist as a legal entity until wound up on 23 December 1949.<ref>{{Cite journal |last= |first= |author=|authorlink= |coauthors= |editor1-first= |editor1-last= |date=February 1950 |title=Main-Line Companies Dissolved |journal=[[The Railway Magazine]] |volume=96 |issue=586 |page=73 |publisher=Transport (1910) Ltd |location=London }}</ref>
==Sources==
* T C Barker and Michael Robbins, A History of London Transport, Volume two – the Twentieth Century to 1970, George Allen & Unwin Ltd, 1974
==References==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
* [http://www.railwaysarchive.co.uk/documents/HMG_Act1933.pdf The Railway Archive – London Passenger Transport Act, 1933] (25 [[Megabyte|MB]])
{{s-start}}
{{succession box| before=Various other | title=[[History of public transport authorities in London|London public transport authority]] | years=1933–1948 | after=[[London Transport Executive]]}}
{{s-end}}
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