Canberra: Forskelle mellem versioner
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Brol (diskussion | bidrag) Afsnit om uddannelse oversat fra engelsk |
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Den øverste minister, "Chief Minister" vælges af medlemmerne af den lovgivende forsamling. Den øverste minister danner en regering med ministre han/hun vælger fra den lovgivende forsamling.<ref name=govt/> På føderalt plan har ACT været domineret af [[Australian Labor Party|Labor]],<ref name=ABCelections2007/><ref name=fras/> men de liberale har haft større indflydelse i ACTs Lovgivende Forsamling. De har dannet regering i lidt over otte år, heraf seks et halvt år fra 1995 til 2001.<ref name=state_el/> Siden valget i 2012 er ACT blevet regeret af en koalition af Labor og de [[Australian Greens|Grønne]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/elections/act-election-2016/guide/preview/|title=2016 ACT Election Preview|author=Antony Green|publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |accessdate=9 December 2016}}</ref>
Da stort set hele ACT's befolkning bor i Canberra, er administrationen af de to områder tæt knyttet til hinanden. ACT blev første gang repræsenteret i det føderale parlament i 1949, da det fik en plads (Division of Australian Capital Territory) i Repræsentanternes Hus.{{sfn|Sparke|1988|p=289}}<ref name= 1948act/> ACT's repræsentant havde dog kun stemmeret i sager, der direkte berørte territoriet.<ref name=1948act>{{cite web|title=ACT Representation (House of Representatives) Act 1974 (Cth) |publisher=[[National Archives of Australia]] |url=https://www.foundingdocs.gov.au/item-sdid-116.html |accessdate=29.
[[File:Government House in Canberra, ACT.jpg|thumb|Canberras [[Government House, Canberra|Government House]], den officielle residens for [[Governor-General of Australia|Australiens generalguvernør]].|alt=]]
Begge pladser i Repræsentanternes Hus har typisk været vundet af Labor, ofte med sikker margen.<ref name=ABCelections2007>{{cite web |title=Canberra |url=http://www.abc.net.au/elections/federal/2007/guide/canb.htm |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |date=29 December 2007 |accessdate=31.
Australiens føderale regering har en del indflydelse på administrationen af ACT. Det sker blandt andet gennem [[National Capital Authority]], som står for planlægning og udvikling af områder i Canberra, som anses for at have national betydning eller er centrale for Griffins plan for byen,<ref name=nca/> som Parliamentary Triangle, Lake Burley Griffin, større tilkørselsveje, områder ejet af den australske stat samt ubebyggede bakkeområder der er en del af Canberra Nature Park.<ref name=nca>{{cite web | url=http://www.nationalcapital.gov.au/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=315&Itemid=284 | title=Administration of National Land | publisher=[[National Capital Authority]] | date=18.
Det [[Australian Federal Police|Australske Føderale Politi]] (AFP) er den udøvende politimyndighed i territoriet efter kontraktaftale med ACTs regering.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.afp.gov.au/recruitment/faqs/frequently_asked_questions_sworn.html#general |title=Frequently Asked Questions |date=19 November 2009 |publisher=[[Australian Federal Police]] |accessdate=21.
Sigtede stilles for retten i [[Magistrates Court of the Australian Capital Territory|ACT Magistrates Court]] eller ved mere alvorlige forseelser i [[Supreme Court of the Australian Capital Territory|ACT Supreme Court]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.courts.act.gov.au/supreme/page/view/288 |title=History of the Court of Appeal and the Supreme Court |publisher=The Supreme Court of the ACT |accessdate=7. marts 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20160516215953/http://www.courts.act.gov.au/supreme/page/view/288 |archivedate=16. maj 2016 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> Før det lukkede i 2009 blev fanger varetægtsfængslet i [[Belconnen Remand Centre]] i ACT, men den endelige fængselsdom blev som regel afsonet i New South Wales.<ref>{{cite web | last=Laverty | first=Jo | url=http://www.abc.net.au/local/stories/2009/05/07/2563620.htm | title=The Belconnen Remand Centre |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation | date=21. maj 2009 | accessdate=23. april 2010 }}</ref> Et nyt fængsel, [[Alexander Maconochie Centre]], åbnedes officielt 11. september 2008 af den daværende Chief Minister [[Jon Stanhope]]. De samlede omkostninger for fængslet var $130 millioner AUD.<ref>{{cite web|last=Kittel |first=Nicholas |url=http://www.abc.net.au/local/videos/2008/11/26/2430325.htm |archivedate=1. maj 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130501045814/http://www.abc.net.au/local/videos/2008/11/26/2430325.htm|title=ACT prison built to meet human rights obligations |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation | date=26 November 2008 |accessdate=23. april 2010}}</ref> Der er også mindre domstole, som håndterer civile søgsmål, familieret og lignende.<ref>{{cite web |
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I 2016 var den hyppigste form for kriminalitet berigelsesforbrydelser. De berørte henholdsvis 2.304 og 966 personer (580 og 243 pr 100.000 personer). [[Drab]], drabsforsøg og uagtsomt drab - men ikke trafikdrab eller planlægning af mord - berører 1,0 pr 100.000 personer, hvilket er under landsgennemsnittet på 1,9 pr 100.000. Antallet af [[sexuelle overgreb]] på 64,4 pr 100.000 indbyggere ligger også under landsgennemsnittet på 98,5.<ref>{{cite web |publisher=[[Australian Bureau of Statistics]] |date=6. juli 2017 |accessdate=7. december 2017 |url= http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/Lookup/4510.0Main+Features12016?OpenDocument |title=4510.0 – Recorded Crime – Victims, Australia, 2016 }}</ref><ref name="Census2016"/>
==Uddannelse==
[[File:ANU School of Art, Canberra.jpg|thumb|[[Australian National University|ANU]] School of Art (tidligere Canberra High School)|alt=]]
De to vigtigste videregående uddannelsesinstitutioner er [[Australian National University]] (ANU) i [[Acton, Australian Capital Territory|Acton]] og [[University of Canberra]] (UC) i [[Bruce, Australian Capital Territory|Bruce]] med henholdsvis mere end 10.500 og 8.000 fuldtids-studerende.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.goingtouni.gov.au/Main/CoursesAndProviders/ProvidersAndCourses/HigherEducationProviders/ACT/UniversityOfCanberra.htm |archivedate=11. december 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111211185734/http://www.goingtouni.gov.au/Main/CoursesAndProviders/ProvidersAndCourses/HigherEducationProviders/ACT/UniversityOfCanberra.htm|title= University of Canberra |publisher=[[Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations]] |accessdate=23. april 2010}}</ref><ref name=anu>{{cite web|url=http://www.goingtouni.gov.au/Main/CoursesAndProviders/ProvidersAndCourses/HigherEducationProviders/ACT/AustralianNationalUniversity.htm |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927061511/http://www.goingtouni.gov.au/Main/CoursesAndProviders/ProvidersAndCourses/HigherEducationProviders/ACT/AustralianNationalUniversity.htm|archivedate=27. september 2011|title= Australian National University |publisher=[[Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations]] |accessdate=23. april 2010}}</ref> ANU blev grundlagt i 1946{{sfn|Gibbney|1988|pp=258-262}} og har altid haft fokus på forskning. Det regnes for at være et af verdens førende universiteter og det bedste i Australien ifølge ''[[The Times Higher Education Supplement]]'' og Shanghai Jiao Tong World University Rankings.<ref name=anu/><ref>{{cite web|publisher=Institute of Higher Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University |year=2004 |url=http://ed.sjtu.edu.cn/rank/2004/top500(1-100).pdf |title=Academic Ranking of World Universities 2004 |accessdate=13.maj 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071127000011/http://ed.sjtu.edu.cn/rank/2004/top500%281-100%29.pdf |archivedate=27 November 2007 |deadurl=yes |df= }}</ref> Der er to religiøse universiteter, som har et campus i Canberra: Signadou i den nordlige forstad [[Watson, Australian Capital Territory|Watson]] hører under [[Australian Catholic University]],<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.acu.edu.au/about_acu/our_campuses/canberra_campus/ | title=Canberra Campus | publisher=[[Australian Catholic University]] | date=5. maj 2010 | accessdate=13. maj 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100127000949/http://www.acu.edu.au/about_acu/our_campuses/canberra_campus/|archivedate=27. januar 2010}}</ref> og St Mark's Theological College i [[Barton, Australian Capital Territory|Barton]] er en del af det sekulære [[Charles Sturt University]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.csu.edu.au/about/canberra.html |title=Canberra School of Theology |publisher=[[Charles Sturt University]] |accessdate=23. april 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100430144112/http://www.csu.edu.au/about/canberra.html |archivedate=30. april 2010 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
Det australske forsvarsakademi [[Australian Defence Force Academy]] (ADFA) og [[Royal Military College, Duntroon]] ligger i den indre forstad [[Campbell, Australian Capital Territory|Campbell]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.defence.gov.au/adc/ |archivedate=8 August 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130808042753/http://www.defence.gov.au/adc/|title=Australian Defence College |publisher=[[Australian Defence College]] |accessdate=23 April 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://northcanberra.org.au/suburbs/campbell/ |title=Campbell |publisher=North Canberra Community Council |accessdate=23 April 2010|archivedate=23 April 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110423191956/http://northcanberra.org.au/suburbs/campbell/}}</ref> ADFA underviser studerende fra militæret og omfatter UNSW@ADFA, en afdeling af [[University of New South Wales]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.defence.gov.au/adfa/about/program.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130827204738/http://www.defence.gov.au/adfa/about/program.html|archivedate=27 August 2013|title=The Program |publisher=[[Australian Defence Force Academy]] |accessdate=23 April 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.unsw.adfa.edu.au/about/index.html |title=Introduction |publisher=[[Australian Defence Force Academy]] |date=2 April 2009 |accessdate=23 April 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091112021023/http://www.unsw.adfa.edu.au/about/index.html|archivedate=12 November 2009}}</ref> Duntroon provides [[Australian Army]] [[officer (armed forces)|officer]] training.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.defencejobs.gov.au/army/Training/officer.aspx |title=Officer Training |publisher=Defence Jobs |accessdate=23 April 2010}}</ref> Videregående tekniske uddannelser udbydes af [[Canberra Institute of Technology]], som har flere campusser i Canberra.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cit.act.edu.au/about/organisation/maps/ |title=Campus Maps |archivedate=23 August 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100823044821/http://www.cit.act.edu.au/about/organisation/maps/|publisher=[[Canberra Institute of Technology]] |date=25 February 2010 |accessdate=23 April 2010}}</ref>
I 2016 var der 132 skoler i Canberra, hvoraf de 87 var offentlige og de 45 private.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/Lookup/4221.0Main+Features12016?OpenDocument|title=4221.0 - Schools, Australia, 2016|publisher=[[Australian Bureau of Statistics]]|date=2 February 2017|accessdate=4 March 2017}}</ref> I 2006 annoncerede ACT's regering, at man ville lukke op til 39 skoler hen mod år 2020.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://activated.act.edu.au/2020/ |archivedate=2 March 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110302062759/http://activated.act.edu.au/2020/| title=Towards 2020: Renewing Our Schools – Message from the Minister | publisher=ACT Department of Education and Training | last=Barr|first=Andrew | year=2007 | accessdate=13. maj 2005 | authorlink=Andrew Barr }}</ref> Som et resultat heraf lukkede nogle skoler i 2006–08, mens andre blev lagt sammen som kombinerede grund- og sekundærskoler. Den nye politik mødte betydelig modstand.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2009/10/29/2727379.htm | date=29 October 2009 |accessdate=10. maj 2010 |title=Closing date for primary school |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Tharwa, Hall schools should be reopened: committee |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2009/09/17/2688701.htm|publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |accessdate=13. maj 2010 | date=17. september 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=School closures report 'doesn't go far enough'|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2009/09/18/2689533.htm|archivedate=31. januar 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100131030555/http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2009/09/18/2689533.htm|publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |accessdate=13. maj 2010 | date=18. september 2009}}</ref> De fleste forstæder er planlagt, så de har en grundskole og en børnehave tæt på. Typisk ligger de ved åbne områder med mulighed for leg og sportsaktiviteter.{{sfn|Universal Publishers|2007|pp=1-90}} I ACT går 40,6 % af eleverne på en privatskole, hvilket er den højeste andel for en australsk delstat/territorium.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.canberratimes.com.au/act-news/public-schools-win-young-but-lose-seniors-20130507-2j63d.html|archivedate=28 February 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140228235058/http://www.canberratimes.com.au/act-news/public-schools-win-young-but-lose-seniors-20130507-2j63d.html|title=Public schools win young, but lose seniors|first=Emma|last=Macdonald|date=8. maj 2013|newspaper=The Canberra Times|publisher=Fairfax Media}}</ref>
== Sport ==
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