Indien: Forskelle mellem versioner

| lastlast1 = Gaur | firstfirst1 = A. S. | coauthorslast2 = Vora |first2 = K. H. Vora | date = 10. juli 1999 | title = Ancient shorelines of Gujarat, India, during the Indus civilization (Late Mid-Holocene): A study based on archaeological evidences | journal = [[Current Science]] | volume = 77 | issue = 1 | pages = 180–185

}}</ref><ref name="murray">{{cite book| last = Murray | first = Tim | authorlink = Tim Murray| title = Time and archaeology | publisher = Routledge| year = 1999 | location = London; New York | pages=84| url = http://books.google.co.uk/books?hl=en&lr=&id=k3z9iXo_Uq8C&oi=fnd&pg=PP3&dq=%22Time+and+Archaeology%22&ots=vvWqvaJHik&sig=17HcKQWGCxkHycTaYqfJb_ZzGAo| isbn=0415117623}}</ref> Den antikke historie i regionen inkluderer nogen af Sydasiens ældste bosættelser<ref name="coppa">{{ cite journal | last author= Coppa| first=A.| coauthors=Coppa, L. Bondioli, A. Cucina, D. W. Frayer, C. Jarrige, J. F. Jarrige, G. Quivron, M. Rossi, M. Vidale, R. Macchiarelli| title=Palaeontology: Early Neolithic tradition of dentistry| journal=Nature| volume=440| pages=755–756| date = 6. april 2006 | url = http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v440/n7085/pdf/440755a.pdf| doi = 10.1038/440755a | accessdate = 2007-11-22 |format=PDF}}</ref> og nogen af dets betydelige civilisationer.<ref name="possehl">{{cite journal| last =Possehl| first=G. L.| authorlink = Gregory Possehl| yeardate=oktober 1990| month=oktober| title=Revolution in the Urban Revolution: The Emergence of Indus Urbanization| journal = Annual Review of Anthropology| volume=19| pages=261–282| issn=0084-6570| doi=10.1146/annurev.an.19.100190.001401| url = http://arjournals.annualreviews.org/toc/anthro/19/1?cookieSet=1| accessdate=2007-05-06}}</ref><ref name="asaw">{{ cite book| lastlast1=Kenoyer| firstfirst1=Jonathan Mark| coauthorslast2=Heuston |first2=Kimberley Heuston| title=The Ancient South Asian World| publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]| monthdate = mai | year =maj 2005 | isbn = 0195174224 | url = http://www.oup.com/us/catalog/general/subject/HistoryWorld/Ancient/Other/~~/dmlldz11c2EmY2k9OTc4MDE5NTE3NDIyOQ==| oclc=56413341 }}</ref>

Det tidligste [[arkæologi]]ske fund i Pakistan er [[palæolitikum|palæolitiske]] fund af [[hominider]] i [[Soankulturen|Soandalen]].<ref name="ppisv">{{cite book| lastlast1=Rendell| firstfirst1=H. R.| coauthorslast2=Dennell,| first2=R. W.| and last3=Halim,| first3= M.| title=Pleistocene and Palaeolithic Investigations in the Soan Valley, Northern Pakistan| year=1989| pages=364| series=British Archaeological Reports International Series| publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]| isbn=0860546918| oclc=29222688}}</ref> Landsbylivet startede med det neolitiske [[Mehrgarh]]<ref name="mfr">{{cite book| lastlast1=Jarrige| firstfirst1=C.| coauthorslast2=Jarrige |first2=J.-F. Jarrige,|last3=Meadow |fist3=R. H. Meadow and|last4=Quivron |first4=G. Quivron| title=Mehrgarh Field Reports 1975 to 1985 - from the Neolithic to the Indus Civilization| publisher=Dept. of Culture and Tourism, Govt. of Sindh, and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, France| year=1995}}</ref>, mens den første bycivilisation i regionen var [[Induscivilisationen]]<ref name="feuerstein">{{cite book| lastlast1=Feuerstein| firstfirst1=Georg| coauthorslast2=Kak |first2=Subhash Kak;|last3=Frawley |first3=David Frawley| title=In search of the cradle of civilization: New light on ancient India| publisher=Quest Books| location=Wheaton, Illinois| year=1995| pages=pp. 147| url=http://books.google.com/books?id=kbx7q0gxyTcC&printsec=frontcover&dq=In+Search+of+the+Cradle+of+Civilization&sig=ie6cTRBBjV2enHRPO6cBXNbd0qE| isbn=0835607208}}</ref> med betydelige udgravingsfelter ved [[Mohenjo Daro]] og [[Harappa]].<ref name="acivc">{{cite book| last=Kenoyer| first=J. Mark| title=The Ancient Cities of the Indus Valley Civilization| publisher=Oxford University Press| year=1998| isbn=0195779401| oclc=231832104 38469514}}</ref>

| last = Leshnik | first = Lawrence S. | yeardate = oktober 1968 | month = oktober | title = The Harappan "Port" at Lothal: Another View | journal = American Anthropologist, New Series, | volume = 70 | issue = 5

| author=Valmiki | editor = Goldman, Robert P | title = The Ramayana of Valmiki: An Epic of Ancient India, Volume 1: Balakanda | series = Ramayana of Valmiki | monthdate = marts | year = 1990 | publisher = [[Princeton University Press]] | location = [[Princeton, New Jersey]] | isbn = 069101485X | pages = 23 }}</ref> Tidlig indoariansk nærvær korresponderer antagelig delvis med [[okkerfarvede vaser]] i arkæologiske fund.<ref name = "tqlgsv"> {{cite book | author= Krishna Reddy | title = Indian History | year = 2003 | publisher = Tata McGraw Hill | location = New Delhi | isbn = 0070483698 | pages = A11 }}</ref> Kongedømmet [[Kuru (Indien)|Kuru]]<ref>M. WItzel, Early Sanskritization. Origins and development of the Kuru State. B. Kölver (ed.), Recht, Staat und Verwaltung im klassischen Indien. The state, the Law, and Administration in Classical India. München : R. Oldenbourg 1997, 27-52 = Electronic Journal of Vedic Studies, vol. 1,4, December 1995, [http://ejvs.laurasianacademy.com ejvs.laurasianacademy.comf]</ref> korresponderer med kulturerne, som brugte [[sort og rød keramik]] og [[gråfarvet keramik]] og begyndelsen af jernalderen i det nordvestlige Indien omkring 1.000 f.Kr., omtrent samtidig med samlingen [[Atharvaveda]], den første indiske tekst som nævner [[jern]] (som ''śyāma ayas'', bogstavelig "sort metal"). Gråfarvet keramik-kulturen, som strakte sig over store dele af det nordlige Indien, var ledende fra 1.100 til 600 f.Kr.<ref name = "tqlgsv"/> Denne senere periode korresponderer med en ændring i synet på det dominerende stammesystem henimod etableringen af kongeriger kaldet ''Mahajanapadas''.