Libertarianisme: Forskelle mellem versioner

Libertarianske socialister er fortalere for et system, hvor arbejderne kontrollerer produktionsmidlerne (socialisme) og hvor man maksimerer individet's frihed samt minimerer koncentration af magt og autoritet (libertarianisme). Libertarianske socialister er stærkt kritiske overfor institutioner som bruger tvang, hvilket fører dem til at afvise legitimiteten af staten til fordel for anarkisme.

 

 

Foreningen mellem socialisme og libertarianisme ligger forud for den kapitalistiske libertarianske bevægelse og mange anti-autoritære fordømmer stadig, hvad de ser, som en fejlagtig sammenslutning mellem kapitalisme og libertarianisme.<ref>Bookchin, Murray, ''The Modern Crisis'', Black Rose Books (1987), pp. 154–55 [[:en:Special:BookSources/0920057616|ISBN 0-920057-61-6]]</ref> Noam Chomsky har blandet udtalt sig og sagt, at en konsistent libertarianer "skal modsætte sig det private ejerskab af produktionsmidlerne og lønslaveri, som er en kompenent af det system, som er uforenelig med princippet om, at arbejde skal udføres frit og være under kontrol af arbejderen selv."

I sin bog [[Liberalismus]] fra 1927 gjorde von Mises op med de såkaldte moderne liberale som mente, at politik alene handlede om et mål, f.eks. økonomisk lighed. Heroverfor fremsatte von Mises den påstand, at politik slet ikke handlede om et mål i sig selv, men om de midler, hvormed et mål skal opnås. Socialister og liberalister kunne således meget vel have samme mål, f.eks. menneskelig lykke, men midlet til at opnå dette var vidt forskelligt.

 

 

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Visse fremtrædende personligheder indenfor den libertarianske verden fortsatte dog med at betegne sig selv som klassisk liberale. Blandt disse var netop Ludwig von Mises og [[Friedrich Hayek]], der begge i deres intellektuelle arbejde havde identificeret socialismen og [[fascisme]]ns kollektivistiske grundlag, som værende i familie med [[totalitarisme]]n.

 

 

I 1958 udgav den britiske akademiker [[Isaiah Berlin]] sin essay ”[[Two Concepts of Liberty]]” hvori han opstillede to forskellige definitioner af frihed: [[positiv frihed|Positiv]] og [[negativ frihed]]. Hvor klassiske liberale arbejde for at sikre frihed i en negativ forstand, det vil sige frihed fra tvang, forsøgte den såkaldt moderne liberalisme og socialismen at opnå frihed i sin positive betydning, ved at sikre mennesker en frihed til at opnå en mulighed.

== Bibliografi ==

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* {{cite web| authorlink = David Boaz | last = Boaz | first = David | url = http://www.libertarianism.org/ex-3.html | title = Chapter 1: A Note on Labels: Why "Libertarian"? | work = Libertarianism | accessdate = 2005-06-21}}

* {{cite book| last = Cohen | first = G.A. | title = Self-ownership, Freedom and Equality | location = Cambridge, UK | publisher = Cambridge University Press | year = 1995}}

* {{cite journal| last = Cubeddu | first = Raimondo | url = http://www.univ.trieste.it/~etica/2003_2/ | title = Prospettive del Libertarismo (preface) | journal = Etica & Politica | volume = 5 | issue = 2 | year = 2003}}

* [[Brian Doherty]] ''Radicals for Capitalism: A Freewheeling History of the Modern American Libertarian Movement'' (2007)

* Franzen, Don. ''Los Angeles Times Book Review Desk'', review of "Neither Left Nor Right". January 19, 1997. Franzen skriver at "Murray and Boaz share the political philosophy of libertarianism, which upholds individual liberty--both economic and personal--and advocates a government limited, with few exceptions, to protecting individual rights and restraining the use of force and fraud." ([http://www.libertarianism.org/reviews.html Review on libertarianism.org]). MSN ''[[Encarta]]''<nowiki>'</nowiki>s [http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761551995/Libertarianism.html beskrivelse af libertarianisme] definerer selvsamme som en "politisk filosofi". ''Encyclopedia Britannica'' definerer Libertarianisme som en "''Political philosophy that stresses personal liberty''." ([http://www.britannica.com/ebc/article?tocId=9370164&query=libertarian link])

* {{cite book| authorlink = Shannon Leigh Fallon | last = Fallon | first = Shannon | title = The Bill of Rights: What It Is, What It Means, and How It's Been Misused | id = ISBN 1-880741-25-3}}

* {{cite book| last = Friedman | first = Milton | chapterurl = http://www.druglibrary.org/special/friedman/socialist.htm | chapter = The Drug War as a Socialist Enterprise | title = Friedman & Szasz on Liberty and Drugs | editor = Arnold S. Trebach and Kevin B. Zeese (eds.) | location = Washington, D.C. | publisher = The Drug Policy Foundation | year = 1992}}

* {{cite book| editor = Harwood, Sterling (ed.) | title = Business as Ethical and Business as Usual | location = Belmont, CA | publisher = Wadsworth Publishing}}

* {{cite book| last = Hayek | first = F.A. | title = Why I am not a Conservative | publisher = [[University of Chicago]] Press | year = 1960 | url = http://hem.passagen.se/nicb/cons.htm}}

* {{cite book| last = Hospers | first = John | title = Libertarianism | location = Santa Barbara, CA | publisher = Reason Press | year = 1971}}

* {{cite book| last = Hospers | first = John | chapter = Arguments for Libertarianism | editor = Harwood, Sterling (ed.) | title = Business as Ethical and Business as Usual | location = Belmont, CA | publisher = Wadsworth Publishing}}

* {{cite web| last = Kangas | first = Steve | url = http://www.huppi.com/kangaroo/L-chichile.htm | title = Chile: The Laboratory Test | work = Liberalism Resurgent | accessdate = 2006-07-10}}

* {{cite book| last = LaFollette | first = Hugh | chapter = Why Libertarianism is Mistaken | editor = Harwood, Sterling (ed.) | title = Business as Ethical and Business as Usual | location = Belmont, CA | publisher = Wadsworth Publishing | pages = 58–66}}

* {{cite book| last = Lester| first = J.C. | title = Escape from Leviathan: Liberty, Welfare and Anarchy Reconciled| location = Basingstoke, UK/New York, USA | publisher = Macmillan/St Martin's Press| year = 2000}}

* {{cite web| last = Machan | first = Tibor R. | url = http://www.liberalia.com/htm/tm_minarchists_anarchists.htm | title = Revisiting Anarchism and Government | accessdate = 2006-07-10}}

* {{cite book| authorlink = John Stuart Mill | last = Mill | first = John Stuart | chapter = Introduction | title = [[On Liberty]] | location = London, UK | publisher = Longman, Roberts & Green |date=1869}}

* {{cite book| last = Nelson | first = Quee | chapter = Quotations Concerning Libertarianism (Often Called Classical Liberalism) | editor = Harwood, Sterling (ed.) | title = Business as Ethical and Business as Usual | location = Belmont, CA | publisher = Wadsworth Publishing | page = 67}}

* {{cite book| last = Partridge | first = Ernest | chapterurl = http://gadfly.igc.org/papers/liberty.htm | chapter = With Liberty and Justice for Some | title = Environmental Philosophy | editor = [[Michael Zimmerman]], [[Baird Callicott]], [[Karen Warren]], [[Irene Klaver]], [[John Clark]] (eds.) | year = 2004 | accessdate = 2006-07-10}}

* Rand, Ayn. [http://www.aynrand.org/site/PageServer?pagename=education_campus_libertarians "Ayn Rand’s Q&A on Libertarians"], from a 1971 interview.

* {{cite web| publisher = [[Advocates for Self Government]] | title = The World's Smallest Political Quiz | url = http://www.self-gov.org/ | accessdate = 2006-07-10}}

* {{cite web| url = http://capitalism.org/tour/preamble5b.htm | title = The Capitalism Tour | work = [[Capitalism Magazine]] | accessdate = 2006-07-10}}