Approksimant

Approksimanter er sproglyde, der involverer at taleorganerne nærmer sig hinanden, men ikke nært nok eller med nok artikulær præcision til at skabe turbulent luftstrøm. Derfor falder approksimanter et sted mellem frikative konsonanter, som producerer turbulent luftstrøm, og vokaler, som ikke producerer turbulens. Denne klasse består af lyde såsom [ɹ] og semivokaler såsom [j] og [w], såvel som laterale approksimanter såsom [l].

Henvisninger

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• Hallé, Pierre A.; Best, Catherine T.; Levitt, Andrea; Andrea (1999), "Phonetic vs. phonological influences on French listeners' perception of American English approximants", Journal of Phonetics, 27 (3): 281-306, doi:10.1006/jpho.1999.0097
• Hamann, Silke (2003), The Phonetics and Phonology of Retroflexes, Utrecht, ISBN 90-76864-39-X (Webside ikke længere tilgængelig)
• Kawasaki, Haruko (1982), An acoustical basis for universal constraints on sound sequences (doctoral dissertation), University of California, Berkeley
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• Ladefoged, Peter; Maddieson, Ian (1996). The Sounds of the World's Languages. Oxford: Blackwell. ISBN 978-0-631-19815-4.
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• Martínez-Celdrán, Eugenio (2004), "Problems in the classification of approximants", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 34 (2): 201-210, doi:10.1017/S0025100304001732
• Martínez-Celdrán, Eugenio; Fernández-Planas, Ana Ma.; Carrera-Sabaté, Josefina (2003), "Castilian Spanish", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 33 (2): 255-259, doi:10.1017/S0025100303001373
• Montreuil, Jean-Pierre (2004), "From velar codas to high nuclei: phonetic and structural change in OT", Probus, 16: 91-111, doi:10.1515/prbs.2004.005
• Rubach, Jerzy (2002), "Against subsegmental glides", Linguistic Inquiry, 33 (4): 672-687, doi:10.1162/ling.2002.33.4.672
• Ohala, John (2005), "Phonetic Explanations for Sound Patterns: Implications for Grammars of Competence" (PDF), UC Berkeley PhonLab Annual Report, 1: 269-288
• Saporta, Sol (1956), "A Note on Spanish Semivowels", Language, 32 (2): 287-290, doi:10.2307/411006, JSTOR 411006
• Trask, Robert L. (1996), A Dictionary of Phonetics and Phonology, London: Routledge
• Zawadski, P.A.; Kuehn, D.P. (1980), "A cineradiographic study of static and dynamic aspects of American English /r/", Phonetica, 37 (4): 253-266, doi:10.1159/000259995, PMID 7443796

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