Ydre Hebrider

De Ydre Hebrider, også kendt som Western Isles (skotsk gælisk: Na h-Eileanan Siar eller Na h-Eileanan an Iar ), Innse Gall ("de fremmedes øer") eller Long Isle eller Long Island (skotsk gælisk An t-Eilean Fada), er en øgruppe vest for fastlandet i Skotland.^{[Note 1]} Øerne er geografisk det samme som Comhairle nan Eilean Siar, en af de 32 rådsområder i Skotland. De er en del af Hebriderne, der er adskilt fra det skotske fastland og fra de Indre Hebrider af Minch, Little Minch and Sea of the Hebrides. Skotsk gælisk er det fremherskende sprog, selvom engelsk i nogle områder er mere almindeligt.

De fleste af øerne har grundfjeld af metamorfe bjergarter, og klimaet er mildt kystklima. De 15 beboede øer har en samlet befolkning på omkring 26.900,^[2] og der er mere end 50 større ubeboede øer. Fra Barra Head i syd til Butt of Lewis i nord er der omkring 210 km.

Der findes forskellige vigtige forhistoriske strukturer, hvoraf mange går forud for de første nedskrevne referencer til øerne af romerske og græske forfattere. Øerne blev en del af nordboernes kongerige Suðreyjar, som eksisterede i over 400 år indtil dets suverænitet overgik til Skotland ved Perth-traktaten i 1266. Kontrollen over øerne blev herefter styret af klanerne, særligt MacLeods, MacDonalds, Mackenzies og MacNeils. Highland Clearances i 1800-tallet havde en ødelæggende effekt på mange samfund og det er først i de senere år, at at befolkningstallet er ophørt med at falde. Meget af landet er under lokal kontrol og kommercielle aktiviteter er baseret på turisme, husmandsbrug, fiskeri og vævning.

Søfart er vigtig og der er en række forskellige færgeselskaber der driver ruter mellem øer og Skotlands fastland. Moderne navigationssystemer minimerer i vores dage farerne, men tidligere har de stormfyldte have resulteret i mange skibsforlis. Religion, musik og sport er vigtige aspekter i den lokale kultur, og der er adskillige beskyttede naturområder.

Beboede øer redigér

Ø	Gælisk navn	Gruppe^{[Note 2]}	Areal (ha)^[3]	Indbyggertal	Højeste punkt^[4]	Højde(m)^{[Note 3]}
Baleshare	Am Baile Sear	Uists and Benbecula	7002910000000000000♠910	7001580000000000000♠58		7001120000000000000♠12
Barra	Barraigh	Barra	7003587500000000000♠5.875	7003117400000000000♠1.174	Heaval	7002383000000000000♠383
Benbecula	Beinn nam Fadhla	Uists and Benbecula	7003820300000000000♠8.203	7003130300000000000♠1.303	Ruaval	7002124000000000000♠124
Berneray	Beàrnaraigh	Uists and Benbecula	7003101000000000000♠1.010	7002138000000000000♠138	Beinn Shleibhe	7001930000000000000♠93
Eriskay	Èirisgeigh	Uists and Benbecula	7002703000000000000♠703	7002143000000000000♠143	Ben Scrien	7002185000000000000♠185
Flodaigh	Flodaigh	Uists and Benbecula	7002145000000000000♠145	7000700000000000000♠7^{[Note 4]}		7001200000000000000♠20
Fraoch-eilean	Fraoch-eilean	Uists and Benbecula	7001550000000000000♠55^[5]	5000000000000000000♠?^{[Note 5]}	Cnoc Mor	7001110000000000000♠11
Great Bernera	Beàrnaraigh Mòr	Lewis (Loch Ròg)	7003212200000000000♠2.122	7002252000000000000♠252		7001870000000000000♠87
Grimsay (North)^{[Note 6]}	Griomasaigh	Uists and Benbecula	7002833000000000000♠833	7002169000000000000♠169		7001220000000000000♠22
Grimsay (South)^{[Note 7]}	Griomasaigh	Uists and Benbecula	7002117000000000000♠117	7001200000000000000♠20		7001200000000000000♠20
Lewis and Harris	Leòdhas agus na Hearadh	Lewis and Harris	7005217898000000000♠217.898	7004210310000000000♠21.031	Clisham	7002799000000000000♠799
North Uist	Uibhist a Tuath	Uists and Benbecula	7004303050000000000♠30.305	7003125400000000000♠1.254	Eaval	7002347000000000000♠347
Scalpay	Sgalpaigh na Hearadh	Harris	7002653000000000000♠653	7002291000000000000♠291	Beinn Scorabhaig	7002104000000000000♠104
South Uist	Uibhist a Deas	Uists and Benbecula	7004320260000000000♠32.026	7003175400000000000♠1.754	Beinn Mhòr	7002620000000000000♠620
Vatersay	Bhatarsaigh	Barra	7002960000000000000♠960	7001900000000000000♠90	Theiseabhal Mòr	7002190000000000000♠190

Noter redigér

^ Murray (1973) noterer at "Western Isles" har betydet "Outer Hebrides" siden oprettelsen Na h-Eileanan an Iar eller Western Isles parlaments konstitution 1918. Det kan også bruges til at referere til Hebriderne generelt. Murray noterer at "Gneiss Islands"—en reference til den underliggende geologi – er et andet navn der bruges til at omtale de Ydre Hebrider, men at det "kun bruges i bøger".^[1]
^ Geographically, the inhabited islands can easily be separated into those that are or surround Lewis and Harris, The Uists and Benbecula, and Barra.
^ The Ordnance Survey maps mark the height above sea level of a high point on most islands, but in a small number of cases, this may not be the highest point.
^ The 2001 and 2011 censuses refer to the island by its anglified name of Flodda.
^ This island is at (Skabelon:Gbmapping and the evidence of both Ordnance Survey maps and photographs (e.g. "Houses on Seana Bhaile" Geograph. Retrieved 10 August 2009) indicates a resident population. There is even a name, "Seana Bhaile" for the main settlement. However, neither the census nor the main reference work (Haswell-Smith 2004) refer to the island at all. Its population is presumably included in nearby Grimsay by the census.
^ There are two inhabited islands called "Grimsay" or Griomasaigh that are joined to Benbecula by a road causeway, one to the north at Skabelon:Gbmapping and one to the south east at Skabelon:Gbmapping.
^ See above note.

Referencer redigér

^ Murray (1973) p. 32.
^ "Population Estimates for UK, England and Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland, Mid-2016" Office for National Statistics
^ Haswell-Smith (2004) p. 206 save those indicated with a separate footnote.
^ Haswell-Smith (2004) and Ordnance Survey maps. Blanks indicate that no name is recorded for this eminence.
^ "Rick Livingstone's Tables of the Islands of Scotland" (pdf) Argyll Yacht Charters. Retrieved 12 December 2011.

Eksterne henvisninger redigér

Wikimedia Commons har flere filer relateret til Ydre Hebrider
Stornoway Port Authority
Comhairle nan Eilean Siar
2001 Census Results for the Outer Hebrides
MacTV
Reefnet
Hebrides.com Photographic website from ex-Eolas Sam Maynard
www.visithebrides.com Western Isles Tourist Board site from Reefnet
Virtual Hebrides.com Content from the VH, which went its own way and became Virtual Scotland.
hebrides.ca Home of the Quebec-Hebridean Scots who were cleared from Lewis to Quebec 1838–1920s

Koordinater: 57°46′N 7°01′V / 57.76°N 7.02°V / 57.76; -7.02

[2] Murray (1973) noterer at "Western Isles" har betydet "Outer Hebrides" siden oprettelsen Na h-Eileanan an Iar eller Western Isles parlaments konstitution 1918. Det kan også bruges til at referere til Hebriderne generelt. Murray noterer at "Gneiss Islands"—en reference til den underliggende geologi – er et andet navn der bruges til at omtale de Ydre Hebrider, men at det "kun bruges i bøger".^[1]

[4] Geographically, the inhabited islands can easily be separated into those that are or surround Lewis and Harris, The Uists and Benbecula, and Barra.

[7] The Ordnance Survey maps mark the height above sea level of a high point on most islands, but in a small number of cases, this may not be the highest point.

[8] The 2001 and 2011 censuses refer to the island by its anglified name of Flodda.

[10] This island is at (Skabelon:Gbmapping and the evidence of both Ordnance Survey maps and photographs (e.g. "Houses on Seana Bhaile" Geograph. Retrieved 10 August 2009) indicates a resident population. There is even a name, "Seana Bhaile" for the main settlement. However, neither the census nor the main reference work (Haswell-Smith 2004) refer to the island at all. Its population is presumably included in nearby Grimsay by the census.

[11] There are two inhabited islands called "Grimsay" or Griomasaigh that are joined to Benbecula by a road causeway, one to the north at Skabelon:Gbmapping and one to the south east at Skabelon:Gbmapping.

[12] See above note.

[1] Murray (1973) p. 32.

[3] "Population Estimates for UK, England and Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland, Mid-2016" Office for National Statistics

[area-5] Haswell-Smith (2004) p. 206 save those indicated with a separate footnote.

[high-6] Haswell-Smith (2004) and Ordnance Survey maps. Blanks indicate that no name is recorded for this eminence.

[Rick-9] "Rick Livingstone's Tables of the Islands of Scotland" (pdf) Argyll Yacht Charters. Retrieved 12 December 2011.

[Note 1]

[2]

[Note 2]

[3]

[4]

[Note 3]

[Note 4]

[5]

[Note 5]

[Note 6]

[Note 7]

[1]