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Bruger:Brol/sandkasse: Forskelle mellem versioner

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=== Klima ===
[[Fil:Sydney harbour bridge duststorm.jpg|thumb|right|Sydney Harbour Bridge under støvstorm i 2009.]]
Sydney har et [[fugtigt subtropisk klima]] ([[Köppens klimaklassifikation]]: ''Cfa'') med varme eller meget varme somre og milde vintre. Regnen er fordelt over hele året.<ref>{{cite web|title=Climate and the Sydney 2000 Olympic Games |work=Australian Government |publisher=Australian Bureau of Statistics |date=24. september 2007 |url=http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/Previousproducts/1301.0Feature%20Article32000?opendocument&tabname=Summary&prodno=1301.0&issue=2000&num=&view= |accessdate=21. december 2008 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/20080610031914/http://www.abs.gov.au:80/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/Previousproducts/1301.0Feature%20Article32000?opendocument&tabname=Summary&prodno=1301.0&issue=2000&num=&view= |archivedate=10. juni 2008 }}</ref> Vejret modereres af det nærliggende hav, og mere ekstreme temperaturer måles i de vestlige forstæder end i byens centrum. De varmeste måneder er januar og februar med en gennemsnitstemperatur ved vejrstationen [[Sydney Observatory|Observatory Hill]] i centrum, der ligger på 20,0&nbsp;°C i januar og 19,9&nbsp;°C i februar.<ref name="acnsoh_gs"/> Gennemsnitligt har 14,9 dage om året en temperatur på 30&nbsp;°C eller over.<ref name="acn"/>
 
Om vinteren falder temperaturen sjældent under 5&nbsp;°C i kystområderne. Den koldeste måned er juli med gennemsnitstemperaturer på 8,1&nbsp;°C – 16,3&nbsp;°C.<ref name="acn"/> Nedbør er jævnt fordelt over hele året, men dog lidt højere i årets første halvdel. Den gennemsnitlige nedbørsmængde, som kun varierer lidt, er 1213&nbsp;mm. I gennemsnit regner det 143,8 dage om året.<ref name="acn"/><ref>Australian [[Bureau of Meteorology]]. 2005. Ellyard, D. 1994. Droughts and Flooding Rains. Angus & Robertson ISBN 0-207-18557-3</ref> Snefald blev sidst rapporteret i Sydney City i 1836, men en byge af [[graupel]] (blød hagl), som mange troede var sne, i juli 2008, har øget muligheden for, at det heller ikke var sne, der faldt i 1836.<ref>{{cite web|title=Sydney winter not snow, just hail|url=http://www.smh.com.au/news/national/it-looked-like-snow-it-felt-like-snow/2008/07/27/1217097051268.html|quote=Mr Zmijewski doubted the 1836 snow report, saying weather observers of the era lacked the expertise of today. "We are almost in the sub-tropics in Sydney", he said.|work=Sydney Morning Herald|accessdate=15. november 2013}}</ref><ref>MacDonnell, Freda. Thomas Nelson (Australia) Limited, 1967. Before King's Cross</ref> Ekstreme temperaturer spænder fra 45,8&nbsp;°C målt den 18. januar 2013 til 2,1&nbsp;°C den 22. juni 1932 ved Observatory Hill.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bom.gov.au/announcements/media_releases/nsw/20060201.shtml|title=Climate summary for Sydney|publisher=Australian Bureau of Meteorology. 2006|accessdate=15. november 2013}}</ref><ref>Bureau of Meteorology. 2006. [http://www.bom.gov.au/announcements/media_releases/nsw/20060201.shtml Climate summary for Sydney, January 2006]</ref> Ved vejrstationen ved Sydney Airport, som også er kystnær, er der målt 46,4&nbsp;°C og -0,1&nbsp;°C.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_066037.shtml|title=Sydney Airport AMO. Climate statistics for Australian locations.|publisher=Bureau of Meteorology|accessdate=13. december 2013}}</ref> Den højeste minimumstemperatur for et døgn målt ved Observatory Hill er 27,6&nbsp;°C i februar 2011 og den laveste maksimumtemperatur er 7,7&nbsp;°C i juli 1868.<ref name="acn">{{cite web|title=Climate statistics for Australian locations|url=http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_066062_All.shtml|publisher=Bureau of Meteorology|accessdate=15. november 2013}}</ref>
Linje 10:
 
[[El Niño]], den sydlige oscillation, spiller en afgørende rolle for Sydney. Den varme fase giver tørke og skovbrande, medens den kolde storme og oversvømmelser. Mange af forstæderne i byens udkant har været ramt af skovbrande, som hyppigst forekommer forår og sommer. Byen rammes sjældent direkte af [[orkan|cykloner]], men er udsat for storme og kraftige haglbyger. I 1999 blev Sydney ramt af et kraftigt haglvejr, som forårsagede store skader i centrum og de østlige forstæder. De største hagl målte mindst 9&nbsp;cm i diameter og forårsagede forsikringsskader på omkring A$ 1,7 milliarder på mindre end 5 timer.<ref name="autogenerated1999">{{cite web|url=http://www.bom.gov.au/weather/nsw/sevwx/14april1999.shtml|title=The Sydney Hailstorm&nbsp;– 14&nbsp;April 1999|publisher=Bureau of Meteorology|accessdate=5. oktober 2006}}</ref>
 
{{Infoboks vejr
|sted = Sydney ([[Sydney Observatory|Observatory Hill]])
 
|Jan_maks = 45.8
|Feb_maks = 42.1
|Mar_maks = 39.8
|Apr_maks = 33.9
|Maj_maks = 30.0
|Jun_maks = 26.9
|Jul_maks = 25.9
|Aug_maks = 31.3
|Sep_maks = 34.6
|Okt_maks = 38.2
|Nov_maks = 41.8
|Dec_maks = 42.2
|År_maks = 45.8
 
|Jan_målt_maks = 25.9
|Feb_målt_maks = 25.8
|Mar_målt_maks = 24.8
|Apr_målt_maks = 22.4
|Maj_målt_maks = 19.5
|Jun_målt_maks = 17.0
|Jul_målt_maks = 16.3
|Aug_målt_maks = 17.8
|Sep_målt_maks = 20.0
|Okt_målt_maks = 22.1
|Nov_målt_maks = 23.6
|Dec_målt_maks = 25.2
|År_målt_maks = 21.7
 
|Jan_målt_min = 18.7
|Feb_målt_min = 18.8
|Mar_målt_min = 17.6
|Apr_målt_min = 14.7
|Maj_målt_min = 11.6
|Jun_målt_min = 9.3
|Jul_målt_min = 8.1
|Aug_målt_min = 9.0
|Sep_målt_min = 11.1
|Okt_målt_min = 13.6
|Nov_målt_min = 15.6
|Dec_målt_min = 17.5
|År_målt_min = 13.8
 
|Jan_min = 10.6
|Feb_min = 9.6
|Mar_min = 9.3
|Apr_min = 7.0
|Maj_min = 4.4
|Jun_min = 2.1
|Jul_min = 2.2
|Aug_min = 2.7
|Sep_min = 4.9
|Okt_min = 5.7
|Nov_min = 7.7
|Dec_min = 9.1
|År_min = 2.1
 
|Jan_målt_nedbør = 101.6
|Feb_målt_nedbør = 117.6
|Mar_målt_nedbør = 129.2
|Apr_målt_nedbør = 128.6
|Maj_målt_nedbør = 119.9
|Jun_målt_nedbør = 131.9
|Jul_målt_nedbør = 97.0
|Aug_målt_nedbør = 79.8
|Sep_målt_nedbør = 68.3
|Okt_målt_nedbør = 76.9
|Nov_målt_nedbør = 83.9
|Dec_målt_nedbør = 77.6
|År_målt_nedbør = 1213
|kilde = Bureau of Meteorology<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_066062_All.shtml|title=Bureau of Meteorology}}</ref>
|tilgået = 6. juni 2015
}}
 
{{Vejrboks|location = Sydney ([[Sydney Observatory|Observatory Hill]]), gennemsnit 1991-2000, ekstremer siden 1861
Line 180 ⟶ 104:
|Dec sun = 235.6
|year sun = 2639
|source 1 =Klimagennemsnit for Sydney Observatory Hill<ref name="soh_gs">{{cite web|url=http://www.bom.gov.au/jsp/ncc/cdio/cvg/av?p_stn_num=066062&p_prim_element_index=0&p_comp_element_index=0&redraw=null&p_display_type=full_statistics_table&normals_years=1991-2020&tablesizebutt=normal|title=Sydney Observatory Hill. Climate statistics for Australian locations. 1991-2020|publisher=Bureau of Meteorology|accessdate=23. februar 2021}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_066062_All.shtml|title=Sydney Observatory Hill. Climate statistics for Australian locations. All years of record|publisher=Bureau of Meteorology|accessdate=23. februar 2021}}</ref>
|source 2=Solskinstimer for Sydney Airport<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_066037_All.shtml|title=Sydney Airport. Climate statistics for Australian locations.|publisher=Bureau of Meteorology|accessdate=23. februar 2021}}</ref>
}}
 
 
 
===Climate===
{{Main|Climate of Sydney}}
{{climate chart
| Sydney, New South Wales
|20.0|27.5| 91.1
|19.9|26.8|131.5
|18.4|25.7|117.5
|15.3|23.6|114.1
|12.3|20.9|100.8
|10.0|18.2|142.0
| 8.9|17.9| 80.3
| 9.7|19.3| 75.1
|12.3|21.6| 63.4
|14.6|23.2| 67.7
|16.6|24.2| 90.6
|18.4|25.7| 73.0
|float=left|clear=none
}}
[[File:Sydney Autumn.JPG|alt=|thumb|Autumn foliage in May]]
Under the classic system Sydney has a temperate climate but under the [[Köppen climate classification|Köppen–Geiger classification]], Sydney has a [[humid subtropical climate]] (''Cfa'').<ref>{{cite web | title= Modelling and simulation of seasonal rainfall | publisher= Centre for Computer Assisted Research Mathematics and its Applications (CARMA) | quote= Brisbane and Sydney each have a humid sub-tropical or temperate climate with no pronounced dry season...the classification is Cfa| date= 20 May 2014 | url = https://www.carma.newcastle.edu.au/jon/matcom.pdf | access-date = 25 February 2016}}</ref> The [[Australian Bureau of Statistics]] describes the summers as "warm [and] sometimes hot", and the winters as <!-- Please read the note after "cool" before changing it. -->"cool",<!-- The authoritative source supporting this specifically says "cool", not "mild". Do not change it without providing more sources supporting a change and note that "cool" must be retained. For more information, please see the talk page discussion. --> with uniform rainfall throughout the year.<ref>{{cite web|title=Climate and the Sydney 2000 Olympic Games |work=Australian Government |publisher=Australian Bureau of Statistics |date=24 September 2007 |url=http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/Previousproducts/1301.0Feature%20Article32000?opendocument&tabname=Summary&prodno=1301.0&issue=2000&num=&view= |access-date=21 December 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080610031914/http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/Previousproducts/1301.0Feature%20Article32000?opendocument&tabname=Summary&prodno=1301.0&issue=2000&num=&view= |archive-date=10 June 2008 }}</ref>
 
At Sydney's primary weather station at [[Sydney Observatory|Observatory Hill]], extreme temperatures have ranged from {{convert|45.8|C|1}} on 18 [[Angry Summer|January 2013]] to {{convert|2.1|C|1}} on 22 June 1932.<ref>{{BoM Aust stats|site_ref=cw_066062_All|site_name=Sydney (Observatory Hill)|accessdate=15 November 2013}}</ref><ref>Bureau of Meteorology. 2006. [http://www.bom.gov.au/announcements/media_releases/nsw/20060201.shtml Climate summary for Sydney, January 2006]</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Creagh|first=Sunanda|title=Sydney smashes temperature records but heatwave nearly over|url=http://theconversation.edu.au/sydney-smashes-temperature-records-but-heatwave-nearly-over-11689|work=The Conversation|publisher=The Conversation Media Group|access-date=21 January 2013}}</ref> An average of 14.9 days a year have temperatures at or above {{convert|30|C|0}} in the central business district (CBD).<ref name="acn"/> In contrast, the metropolitan area averages between 35 and 65 days, depending on the suburb.<ref>Torok, S. and Nicholls, N. 1996. A historical annual temperature dataset for Australia. Aust. Met. Mag., 45, 251–60.</ref> The highest minimum temperature recorded at Observatory Hill is {{convert|27.6|C|0}}, on 6 February 2011, while the lowest maximum temperature is {{convert|7.7|C|0}}, recorded on 19 July 1868.<ref name="acn">{{cite web|title=Climate statistics for Australian locations|url=http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_066062_All.shtml|publisher=Bureau of Meteorology|access-date=15 November 2013}}</ref> The hottest day in the Sydney metropolitan area occurred in [[Penrith, New South Wales|Penrith]] on 4 January 2020, where a high of {{convert|48.9|C|F}} was recorded.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/newslocal/penrith-press/penrith-hits-record-temperature-of-485c-as-heatwave-strikes-nsw/news-story/dcf054647fa47a6fb4e8195515d835fc|title=Penrith hits record temperature of 48.9C as heatwave strikes NSW|website=Daily Telegraph|access-date=6 January 2020}}</ref> The average annual temperature of the sea ranges from {{convert|18.5|C|F}} in September to {{convert|23.7|C|F}} in February.<ref>[https://www.seatemperature.org/australia-pacific/australia/sydney.htm Sydney Sea Temperature] – seatemperature.org</ref> Sydney has an average of 7.2 hours of sunshine per day<ref>{{cite web|title=Climate statistics for Australian locations Sydney Airport AMO
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