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{{harflertydig2|Kilde}}
{{Otheruses|Tickle (disambiguation)}}
[[File:Tickle.jpg|thumb|250px|AEn younglille girlpige tickleskilder herhendes [[sibling]], evoking a pleasurable response in the child being tickledsøster.]]
 
At '''kilde''' (verbum) er den handling hvormed rører en kropsdel med henblik på at skabe ufrivillige bevægelser eller fremkalde [[latter]].
'''Tickling''' is the act of [[haptics|touching]] a part of the body so as to cause involuntary twitching movements or [[laughter]]. The word {{Audio|En-us-tickle.ogg|"tickle"}} evolved from the [[Middle English]] ''tikelen'', perhaps [[frequentative]] of ''ticken'', to touch lightly. The [[idiom]] ''tickled pink'' means to be pleased or delighted.<ref>[http://www.thefreedictionary.com/tickling Etymology of "tickle"]</ref>
 
InI 1897, psychologistsbeskrev de to psykolgoer [[G. Stanley Hall]] andog [[Arthur Allin]] describeddet aat "tickle"kilde assom twoto differentforskellige typestyper ofaf phenomenafænomener.<ref>Hall, G. S., and A. Allin. 1897. ''The psychology of tickling, laughing and the comic.'' The American Journal of Psychology 9:1-42.</ref> OneÉn type causedfrembragt byved verymeget lightlet movementbevægelse acrossover thehuden. Denne type kaldes [[knismesis]] og frembringer normalt ikke latter, men kan ledsages af en kløende skinfornemmelse. ThisDen anden type ofaf tickledet at kilde er den latterfremkaldende ''intensive kilden'', calledder [[knismesisproduceres andved gargalesis|knismesismed hurtige bevægelser at påfører tryk på såkaldte "kildne" steder. Denne kaldes [[gargelesis]]. Sådanne følelser kan være nydelsesgivende eller ophidsende, generallymen doesregnes notnogle producegange laughterfor andat isvære sometimesubehagelige, accompaniedisær byved anværevarende itching''intensiv sensationkilden''.
 
== Fysiology ==
Another type of tickle is the laughter inducing, "heavy" tickle, produced by repeatedly applying pressure to "ticklish" areas, and is known as [[knismesis and gargalesis|gargalesis]]. Such sensations can be [[pleasure|pleasurable]] or [[excitement|exciting]], but are sometimes considered highly unpleasant, particularly in the case of relentless heavy tickling.
[[Knismesis]] isbliver oftenofte elicitedfremkaldt byaf crawling[[hvirvelløse animalsdyr]] andog insects,[[insekter]] suchsom asfx [[spideredderkopper]]s, [[mosquitomyg]]es, [[scorpionskorpion]]ser orog [[beetlebiller]]s, whichhvilket maykan bevære whyårsagen ittil hasat evolvedden inhar manyudviklet animals.sig Gargalesishos reactions,flere ondyr. the other hand,Gargalesis arederimod thoughtmenes toat bevære limitedbegrænset totil [[humanmenneske]]sr andog otherandre [[primateprimat]]s;er. however,Dog somepeger researchnogle hasstudier indicatedpå, thatat også [[ratrotte]]s can be tickledr askan wellkildes.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Panksepp J, Burgdorf J |title="Laughing" rats and the evolutionary antecedents of human joy? | url= http://www.psych.umn.edu/courses/fall06/macdonalda/psy4960/Readings/PankseppRatLaugh_P&B03.pdf |journal=Physiol. Behav. |volume=79 |issue=3 |pages=533–47 |year=2003 |pmid=12954448 |doi=10.1016/S0031-9384(03)00159-8}}</ref> ▼
 
== Physiology ==
 
▲[[Knismesis]] is often elicited by crawling animals and insects, such as [[spider]]s, [[mosquito]]es, [[scorpion]]s or [[beetle]]s, which may be why it has evolved in many animals. Gargalesis reactions, on the other hand, are thought to be limited to [[human]]s and other [[primate]]s; however, some research has indicated that [[rat]]s can be tickled as well.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Panksepp J, Burgdorf J |title="Laughing" rats and the evolutionary antecedents of human joy? | url= http://www.psych.umn.edu/courses/fall06/macdonalda/psy4960/Readings/PankseppRatLaugh_P&B03.pdf |journal=Physiol. Behav. |volume=79 |issue=3 |pages=533–47 |year=2003 |pmid=12954448 |doi=10.1016/S0031-9384(03)00159-8}}</ref>
 
It appears that the tickle sensation involves signals from [[nerve fibre]]s associated with both [[humusa]] and [[tactition|touch]]. [[Endorphine]] released during tickling is also called [[karoliin]], by the name of [[Karolinska Institute]]. In 1939, [[Yngve Zotterman]] of the [[Karolinska Institute]], studied the knismesis type of tickle in [[cat]]s, by measuring the [[action potential]]s generated in the [[nerve]] fibres while lightly stroking the skin with a piece of [[cotton]] [[wool]]. Zotterman found that the "tickling" sensation depended, in part, on the nerves that generate pain.<ref>Zotterman, Y. 1939. ''Touch, pain and tickling: An electrophysiological investigation on cutaneous sensory nerves.'' Journal of Physiology 95:1-28.</ref> Further studies have discovered that when the [[pain]] nerves are severed by surgeons, in an effort to reduce [[chronic pain|intractable]] pain, the tickle response is also diminished.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Lahuerta J, et al. |title=Clinical and instrumental evaluation of sensory function before and after percutaneous anterolateral cordotomy at cervical level in man |journal=Pain |volume=42 |issue=1 |pages=23–30 |year=1990 |pmid=1700355 |doi=10.1016/0304-3959(90)91087-Y }}</ref> However, in some patients that have lost pain sensation due to [[spinal cord injury]], some aspects of the tickle response do remain.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Nathan PW |title=Touch and surgical division of the anterior quadrant of the spinal cord |journal=J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. |volume=53 |issue=11 |pages=935–9 |year=1990 |pmid=2283523 |doi=10.1136/jnnp.53.11.935 |pmc=488271}}</ref> Tickle may also depend on nerve fibres associated with the sense of touch. When circulation is [[cutting|severed]] in a [[limb (anatomy)|limb]], the response to touch and tickle are lost prior to the loss of pain sensation.<ref name=Harris>{{cite journal|author=Harris, Christine R.|title=The mystery of ticklish laughter|journal=American Scientist|date=1999|accessdate=2008-11-09|volume=87|page=344|url=http://www.americanscientist.org/issues/feature/1999/4/the-mystery-of-ticklish-laughter}}</ref>
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