Bruger:Nis Hoff/Kladde7: Forskelle mellem versioner

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Den voldsomme ændring af krigsførelsen med indførelsen af maskingeværet blev demonstreret den 8. november, hvor det ikke var det osmanniske artilleri der greb ind i den beredne Anzac divisions fremrykning, men derimod maskingeværer der forhindrede den i at bryde igennem og angribe kolonnerne.<ref name="Falls117"/> Den 8. november viste også værdien af sværd ved beredne angreb, direkte under angrebet ved Huj og indirekte da de sværdløse ryttere fra den lette beredne australske brigade blev "tvunget til at foretage afsiddede angreb" i stedet for at angribe store osmanniske kolonner på tilbagetog. Inden Allenby ankom havde den britiske hærledelse "overvejet at inddrage sværdene fra Yeomanry regimenterne for at lette byrden på deres heste, da der ikke var stor sandsynlighed for at de blanke våben nogensinde ville blive anvendt.<ref>Falls 1930 Vol. 2 p. 123</ref>
 
===Air attacksLuftangreb andog -luftstøtte support===
 
==== No. 304 BavarianBayerske Flying Squadronflyeskadrille ====
Yildirim armégruppen led et alvorligt tab af fly, lagre og flyvepladser under tilbagetrækningen. For at beskytte deres luftvåben blev det den 4. november under en konference med Felmy, der var chef for den tyske luftstyrke, at en af de nye tyske eskadroner, der var stationeret på Irak el Menshiye flyvepladsen, skulle rykke nordpå til en ny flyveplads nær Junction Station. Dette skridt blev forsinket i tre dage "på grund af akut behov for piloter", men den 7. november, da flytningen endelig blev beordret, var der ikke transportmidler til rådighed. En stabsofficer fra den ottende osmanniske armé ankom kl. 18 i en bil for at beordre øjeblikkelig tilbagetrækning. Eskadrille No. 304 rekvirerede jernbanevogne til transport af det flyvende materiel, men de eneste, der var til rådighed, var fulde af korn. Den militære kommissionær hævdede, at armégruppen havde givet prioritet til transport af forplejning, men eksdrillechefen truede med at beskyde jernbanestationen med maskingeværer, hvis ikke vognene blev frigivet. Kornet blev tømt ud og flyeskadrillerne lastet, hvilket forsinkede togets afgang.<ref>Cutlack 1941 pp. 82–4</ref>
Yildirim Army Group suffered a serious loss of aircraft, stores and aerodromes during the retreat. In order to protect their air force, it was decided on 4 November during a conference with Felmy commander of the German Air Force, that one of the new German squadrons based at Irak el Menshiye aerodrome, should move north to a new aerodrome near Junction Station. This move was delayed for three days “owing to urgent need of pilots” but by 7 November, when the move was finally ordered, transport was not available. A staff officer of the Ottoman Eighth Army arrived at 18:00 in a car to order an immediate retreat. No. 304 Squadron requested railway wagons to transport the flying material, but the only ones available were full of corn. The military commissioner argued that the Army Group had ordered provisions be sent back as a priority but the Flying Squadron officer threatened to machine gun the railway station if the wagons were not handed over. The corn was emptied, and the flying squadrons loaded holding up the departure of the train.<ref>Cutlack 1941 pp. 82–4</ref>
 
==== EEFEkspeditionsstyrkens aerial supportluftstøtte ====
[[FileFil:RE8 fighter aircraft of No 1 Squadron AFC in Palestine AWM photo B03559.jpg|thumb|ThreeTre RE8 fighterjagerfly aircraftfra of Noden 1. Squadronaustralske AFCeskadrille prepareforbereder tosig take offstart on aet bombingbombeangreb raidunder duringsydlige anPalæstina theoffensiven Southern Palestine offensive ini Novembernovember 1917]]
 
Air raids by the EEF were carried out during the night of 1/2 November when twelve bombs were dropped on Gaza. On 3 and 4 November air raids were made over the hills north of Beersheba. By 6 November it was reported that Ottoman hospitals were seen being moved back indicating the beginnings of a general retreat towards Mejdel which was also bombed by aircraft.<ref>Cutlack 1941 pp. 79–80</ref> Bombs were also dropped on the main positions behind the Kauwukah defences, near Um Ameidat, on Gaza and on shelters west of Sheria, and three aerial combats were fought against three hostile aircraft.<ref>Egyptian Expeditionary Force War Diary November 1917 AWM4-1-6-19part2</ref> During this time German aircraft had rarely been seen, but that afternoon two R.E.8s and two B.E.12.a aircraft from No. 1 Squadron on photography patrol were attacked by four [[Albatros Flugzeugwerke|Albatros]] aircraft and badly damaged.<ref name="Cutlack 1941 p. 80">Cutlack 1941 p. 80</ref> While a German aircraft was shot down in flames near the Wadi Hesi.<ref name="Gullett 1941 p. 448">Gullett 1941 p. 448</ref>