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=== Historie ===
[[Fil:Supreme Court, Sydney.jpg|thumb|Old Registry Office, nu en del af [[Supreme Court of New South Wales]], var en af de tre første retsbygninger.]]
I de tidlige kolonidage havde den siddende guvernør og hans militær enerådig magt over befolkningen.<ref name="Early European settlement"/> Denne mangel på demokrati blev uacceptabel efterhånden som kolonien fik flere frie bosættere. De første tegn på et rigtigt retssystem dukkede op, da man i Storbritannien i 1814 vedtog ny lovgivning for et retsvæsen i New South Wales. Det etablerede tre nye retsstole, heriblandt [[Supreme Court of New South Wales|Højesteret]], og dikterede at [[engelsk lov]] skulle følges.<ref name="Governor Lachlan Macquarie">{{cite web|publisher=Parliament of New South Wales|date=2014|url=http://www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/prod/web/common.nsf/key/HistoryGovernorLachlanMacquarie|title=Governor Lachlan Macquarie|accessdate=17. august 2014}}</ref> I 1823 vedtog [[det britiske parlament]] oprettelsen af et lovgivende råd i [[New South Wales]] og gav Højesteret retten til at gennemse ny lovgivning.<ref name="The first Legislature">{{cite web|publisher=Parliament of New South Wales|date=2014|url=http://www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/prod/web/common.nsf/key/HistoryFirstLegislature|title=The first Legislature|accessdate=17. august 2014}}</ref> Fra 1828 skulle engelsk [[common law]] anvendes i New South Wales.<ref name="The first Legislature"/> I 1842 vedtog det [[Det britiske parlament|britiske parlament]] at alle medlemmer i det lovgivende råd skulle vælges for første gang.<ref name="The first Legislature"/>
Konstitutionen i 1855 gav New South Wales et [[tokammersystem]]. Det eksisterende Lovgivende Råd blev til overhuset og et nyt kammer kaldet Legislative Assembly blev til underhuset.<ref name="Towards responsible government">{{cite web|publisher=Parliament of New South Wales|date=2014|url=http://www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/prod/web/common.nsf/key/HistoryTowardsResponsibleGovernment|title=Towards responsible government|accessdate=17. august 2014}}</ref> Et Udøvende Råd blev oprettet bestående af 5 medlemmer fra den Lovgivende forsamling samt guvernøren.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Parliament of New South Wales|date=2014|url=http://www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/prod/web/common.nsf/key/HistoryResponsibleGovernment|title=Responsible government and colonial development|accessdate=17. august 2014}}</ref> Rådet havde til opgave at rådgive den siddende guvernør i sager om statens administration. De andre bosættelser i Australien blev udskilt fra New South Wales og dannede deres egen regeringer. [[Tasmanien]] blev udskilt i 1825, [[Victoria (Australia)|Victoria]] i 1850 og [[Queensland]] i 1859.<ref name="Towards responsible government"/> Med proklameringen af Forbundsstaten Australien i 1901 blev status for de lokale råd i Sydney formaliseret, og de blev separeret fra staten New South Wales.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Parliament of New South Wales|date=2014|url=http://www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/prod/web/common.nsf/key/HistoryTowardsFederation|title=Towards federation|accessdate=17. august 2014}}</ref>
[[City of Sydney]] blev oprettet i 1842, og omfattede den gang hele byen. SelvSydney er siden vokset langt ud over de oprindeligeSelv om grænserne for City of Sydney er blevet ændret flere gange siden, er byen vokset langt ud over .
=== Hovedstad i New South Wales ===
[[File:Parliament house sydney nsw..jpg|alt=|thumb|[[Parliament House, Sydney|Parliamenter House]]hovedsæde holdsfor theparlamentet [[Government ofi New South Wales]], and is the oldest public building in Australia.]]Sydney er hovedstad i delstaten New South Wales. Parlamentet i New South Wales ligger i [[Parliament House, Sydney|Parliament House]] på Macquarie Street. Denne bygningBygningen var færdig i 1816 og blev først benyttet som hospital. Det Lovgivende Råd flyttede ind i nordfløjen i 1829, og i 1852 havde det overtaget hele bygningen.<ref name="Governor Lachlan Macquarie" /> Flere tilbygninger er kommet til efterhånden som parlamentet er blevet udvidet, men det har bevaret den originale [[Georgiansk arkitektur|georgianske]] facade.<ref>{{cite web|last=Ellmoos|first=Laila|date=2008|url=http://dictionaryofsydney.org/entry/parliament_house|title=Parliament House|publisher=Dictionary of Sydney|accessdate=9. august 2014}}</ref> [[Government House, Sydney|Government House]] stod færdigt i 1845 og har været bolig for 25 guvernører og 5 [[Generalguvernør i Australien|generalguvernører]].<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Sydney Living Museums|date=2014|url=http://sydneylivingmuseums.com.au/stories/behold-palace|title=Behold a palace|accessdate=23. august 2014}}</ref>
[[Fil:Sydney councils.png|thumb|Lokalregeringsområderne i Sydney]]
Højesteret er Supreme Court of New South Wales, som ligger på Queen's Square i Sydney.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Supreme Court of New South Wales |date=2014 |url=http://www.supremecourt.justice.nsw.gov.au/supremecourt/SCO2_court_locations.html |title=Court locations |accessdate=17. august 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/20141024181253/http://www.supremecourt.justice.nsw.gov.au/supremecourt/SCO2_court_locations.html |archivedate=24. oktober 2014 }}</ref> Byen har også flere instanser af den næsthøjeste domstol [[District Court of New South Wales]] og den laveste [[Local Court of New South Wales]].<ref>{{cite web|publisher=New South Wales Courts|date=2014|url=http://nswcourts.com.au/courts/|title=Find a court|accessdate=17. august 2014}}</ref>
=== Bystyre ===
New South Wales regering har modsat sig en sammensmeltning af lokalregeringer, da disse vil kunne udgøre en trussel mod statens magt.<ref>{{cite book|title=Sacked: removing and remaking the Sydney City Council|last=Golder|first=Hilary|year=2004}}</ref> [[City of Sydney]] blev oprettet i 1842 og er den lokalregering, som omfatter Sydneys centrale forretningskvarter og nogle af de tilstødende forstæder.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=City of Sydney|date=2005|url=http://cityofsydney.nsw.gov.au/AboutSydney/documents/history/hs_chos_history_of_council_1001.pdf|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20050709222141/http://cityofsydney.nsw.gov.au/AboutSydney/documents/history/hs_chos_history_of_council_1001.pdf|archivedate=9. juli 2005|title=History of Sydney City Council|accessdate=13. juli 2014}}</ref> Den er ansvarlig for udvikling i lokalområdet og serviceydelser (renovation og genbrug, biblioteker, parker og sportsfaciliteter), repræsentere beboernes interesser, støtte organisationer i lokalsamfundet og at tiltrække og yde infrastruktur til handel, turisme og industri.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=City of Sydney|date=2014|url=http://www.cityofsydney.nsw.gov.au/council/about-council|title=About Council|accessdate=17. august 2014}}</ref> City of Sydney ledes af et byråd og [[Lord Mayor of Sydney|Lord Mayor]], som tidligere blev anset for at repræsentere hele byen.<ref name=":0">{{cite web|publisher=State Records|date=2014|url=http://investigator.records.nsw.gov.au/Entity.aspx?Path=%5COrganisation%5C21|title=Organisation detail|accessdate=12. oktober 2014}}</ref>
Der er ingen overordnet administrativ enhed, som svarer til hele Sydney. Overordnet styring ligger hos regeringen i New South Wales' regering, der er ansvarlig for hovedveje, trafikkontrol, offentlig transport, politi, uddannelse og større infrastruktur.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Australian Electoral Commission|date=2014|url=http://www.aec.gov.au/About_AEC/Publications/Fact_Sheets/three_lvls.htm|title=Three levels of government|accessdate=27. juli 2014}}</ref> Sydney er inddelt i [[Lokalregering (Australien)|lokalregeringsområder]] (også kaldet ''councils'', ''cities'', ''municapilities'' eller ''shires''). Disse lokalregeringsområder har valgte råd, som er ansvarlige for de opgaver, der delegeres til dem fra regeringen i New South Wales. De 31 lokalregeringsområder, som siden 2016 har udgjort Sydney er:
{{div col|colwidth=18em}}
* [[Bayside Council|Bayside]]
* [[City of Willoughby|Willoughby]]
* [[Municipality of Woollahra|Woollahra]]
{{div col end}}
Tidligere var der en tendens til at delstatsregeringen modsatte sig en sammenlægning af de befolkningsrige lokalregeringsområder i Sydney, fordi det ville rykke magtbalancen mellem delstatsregeringen og lokalregeringerne.<ref>{{divcite colbook|last=Golder|first=Hilary|year=2004|title=Sacked: endremoving and remaking the Sydney City Council}}</ref> En større reform i NSW i 2016 reducerede dog antallet af lokalregeringsområder i Sydney og resten af delstaten.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://legislation.nsw.gov.au/view/pdf/asmade/sl-2016-242|title=New South WalesLocal Government (Council Amalgamations) Proclamation 2016|date=|website=|access-date=18. december 2020}}</ref> Målsætningen for reformen var, at et lokalregeringsområde skulle have en befolkning på 150.000, så den kunne opretholde et tilstrækkeligt højt service niveaul.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://legislation.nsw.gov.au/view/pdf/asmade/sl-2016-242|title=NSW councils to merge under State Government plan for forced amalgamations; 2016 elections delayed|date=18. december 2020|website=|access-date=}}</ref> City of Sydney dækker byens centrum, og borgmesteren har titlen [[Lord Mayor of Sydney|Lord Mayor]]. Tidligere blev denne anset for at repræsentere hele byen.<ref name=":0">{{cite web|publisher=State Records|date=2014|url=http://investigator.records.nsw.gov.au/Entity.aspx?Path=%5COrganisation%5C21|title=Organisation detail|accessdate=12. oktober 2014}}</ref>
==Government==
{{See also|Local government areas of New South Wales}}
===Historical governance===
[[File:(1)Supreme Court of New South Wales 042.jpg|alt=|thumb|The [[Supreme Court of New South Wales]], was one of three of the earliest established courts in Australia.]]
[[File:Parliament house sydney nsw..jpg|alt=|thumb|[[Parliament House, Sydney|Parliament House]] holds the [[Government of New South Wales]], and is the oldest public building in Australia]]
During early colonial times the presiding [[Governor of New South Wales|Governor]] and his military shared absolute control over the population.<ref name="Early European settlement" /> This lack of democracy eventually became unacceptable for the colony's growing number of free settlers. The first indications of a proper legal system emerged with the passing of a Charter of Justice in 1814. It established three new courts, including the [[Supreme Court of New South Wales|Supreme Court]], and dictated that [[English law]] was to be followed.<ref name="Governor Lachlan Macquarie">{{cite web|publisher=Parliament of New South Wales|date=2014|url=http://www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/prod/web/common.nsf/key/HistoryGovernorLachlanMacquarie|title=Governor Lachlan Macquarie|accessdate=17 August 2014}}</ref> In 1823 the [[Parliament of the United Kingdom|British Parliament]] passed an act to create the [[New South Wales Legislative Council|Legislative Council]] in New South Wales and give the Supreme Court the right of review over new legislation.<ref name="The first Legislature">{{cite web|publisher=Parliament of New South Wales|date=2014|url=http://www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/prod/web/common.nsf/key/HistoryFirstLegislature|title=The first Legislature|accessdate=17 August 2014}}</ref> From 1828 all of the common laws in force in England were to be applied in New South Wales wherever it was appropriate.<ref name="The first Legislature"/> Another act from the British Parliament in 1842 provided for members of the Council to be elected for the first time.<ref name="The first Legislature"/>
The Constitution Act of 1855 gave New South Wales a [[bicameralism|bicameral government]]. The existing Legislative Council became the upper house and a new body called the [[New South Wales Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] was formed to be the lower house.<ref name="Towards responsible government">{{cite web|publisher=Parliament of New South Wales|date=2014|url=http://www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/prod/web/common.nsf/key/HistoryTowardsResponsibleGovernment|title=Towards responsible government|accessdate=17 August 2014}}</ref> An [[Executive Council of New South Wales|Executive Council]] was introduced and constituted five members of the Legislative Assembly and the Governor.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Parliament of New South Wales|date=2014|url=http://www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/prod/web/common.nsf/key/HistoryResponsibleGovernment|title=Responsible government and colonial development|accessdate=17 August 2014}}</ref> It became responsible for advising the ruling Governor on matters related to the administration of the state. The colonial settlements elsewhere on the continent eventually seceded from New South Wales and formed their own governments. [[Tasmania]] separated in 1825, [[Victoria (Australia)|Victoria]] did so in 1850, and [[Queensland]] followed in 1859.<ref name="Towards responsible government"/> With the proclamation of the Commonwealth of Australia in 1901 the status of local governments across Sydney was formalised and they became separate institutions from the state of New South Wales.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Parliament of New South Wales|date=2014|url=http://www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/prod/web/common.nsf/key/HistoryTowardsFederation|title=Towards federation|accessdate=17 August 2014}}</ref>
===Government in the present===
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