Coronavirus: Forskelle mellem versioner

▲* [[Spike-protein|Spike]] (også benævnt Spike-protein, S-protein eller peplomer) er [[membranprotein|overfladeprotein]] og [[glycoprotein]] på 1255-1282 [[aminosyre]]r, der danner trimerer og bestemmer værtsspecifiteten og infektiviteten, idet det reagerer med værtens cellulære receptor, “virusfæstneren”: for SARS-Cov-2 og SARS-virus [[ACE2|det angiotensin-konverterende enzym-2, ACE-2]]<ref>[https://videnskab.dk/krop-sundhed/derfor-er-musen-menneskets-bedste-ven-i-kampen-mod-covid-19 Derfor er musen menneskets bedste ven i kampen mod COVID-19. Videnskab.dk 2020]</ref> og for MERS-virus er det [[sialinsyre|sialosider]] og dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4/CD26).<ref>[https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.30.927871v1.full.pdf Uncanny similarity of unique inserts in the 2019-nCoV spike protein to HIV-1 gp120 and Gag. bioRxiv 2020]</ref><ref>[https://www.nature.com/articles/s41594-019-0334-7 Structures of MERS-CoV spike glycoprotein in complex with sialoside attachment receptors. Nature Structural & Molecular Biology 2019]</ref><ref>[https://www.genengnews.com/insights/understanding-glycans-in-covid-19-drug-design/ Understanding Glycans in COVID-19 Drug Design. Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology News 2020]</ref><ref>[https://www.technologynetworks.com/immunology/news/nanobodies-facilitate-improved-covid-19-imaging-333592 Nanobodies Facilitate Improved COVID-19 Imaging. Technology Networks 2020]</ref><ref>[https://science.sciencemag.org/content/early/2020/11/11/science.abe8499?utm_campaign=SciMag&utm_source=JHubbard&utm_medium=Facebook SARS-CoV-2 D614G variant exhibits efficient replication ex vivo and transmission in vivo. Science 2020]</ref> Spike-proteinet er også mål-proteinet for de først-udviklede [[mRNA-vaccine]]r.<ref>[https://www.sciencealert.com/here-s-what-you-need-to-know-about-the-spike-protein-on-the-new-coronavirus-variant Will The New Coronavirus Mutation Affect The Vaccine? Here's What You Need to Know. ScienceAlert 2020]</ref><ref>[https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/new-coronavirus-variant-what-is-the-spike-protein-and-why-are-mutations-on-it-important/all/ New Coronavirus Variant: What Is The Spike Protein And Why Are Mutations On It Important? IFLScience 2020]</ref><ref>[http://www.sci-news.com/medicine/sars-cov-2-spike-protein-08147.html Scientists Produce 3D Map of SARS-CoV-2’s Spike Protein. Science News 2020]</ref> Variant B117 har signifikante mutationer i Spike.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2021/health/coronavirus-mutations-B117-variant.html Inside the B.1.1.7 Coronavirus Variant. NYTimes 2021]</ref>