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'''Ediacara-faunaen''' eller '''Vendia-faunaen''' er forhistoriske livsformer, der repræsenterer de ældste kendte former for kompliceret flercellet liv på [[Jorden]].
 
De første spor efter Ediacara-faunaen er omtrent 600 millioner år gamle, men blomstrede først rigtigt op i en periode kaldet den Avalonske eksplosion (575 millioner år siden), der fulgte kort efter en voldsom [[Cryogenium|kuldeperiode]], der praktisk taget havde [[Sneboldjord|dækket hele jordkloden med is]]. I et 558 millioner år gammelt ''Dickinsonia''-fossil er der fundet fedtstoffet [[cholesterol]], som dermed gør ''Dickinsonia'' til det første dyr, der kendes.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.sciencealert.com/dickinsonia-russia-white-sea-fossil-fat-cholesterol-molecules-confirm-animal |title=This Eerie Creature Was Just Officially Confirmed as The World's Earliest Known Animal. ScienceAlert 2018 |access-date=22. september 2018 |archive-date=22. september 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180922101616/https://www.sciencealert.com/dickinsonia-russia-white-sea-fossil-fat-cholesterol-molecules-confirm-animal |url-status=oklive }}</ref>
 
 
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{{reflist|3|refs=
 
<ref name = "Narbonne"> {{cite web | last = Narbonne | first = Guy | authorlinkauthor-link = | coauthors = | title = The Origin and Early Evolution of Animals | work = | publisher = Department of Geological Sciences and Geological Engineering, Queen's University | date = juni 2006 | url = http://geol.queensu.ca/people/narbonne/recent_pubs1.html | format = | doi = | accessdateaccess-date = 2007-03-10}}</ref>
 
<ref name = "Gehling1999"> {{cite journal|title=The First Named Ediacaran Body Fossil, Aspidella terranovica|first1=James G. |last1=Gehling |last2=Narbonne |first2=Guy M.|last3=Anderson|first3=Michael M. |journal=Palaeontology|volume=43|pages=429|date=1999|accessdateaccess-date=2007-02-11|url=http://doi.org/10.1111/j.0031-0239.2000.00134.x}}</ref>
 
<ref name = "Gurich1933"> {{cite journal | author = Gürich, G. | year = 1933 | title = Die Kuibis-Fossilien der Nama-Formation von Südwestafrika | volume = 15 | pages = 137-155 | language = tysk}}</ref>
 
<ref name = "Sprigg1947"> {{cite journal| author = Sprigg, R.C. | date = 1947| title = Early Cambrian "jellyfishes" of Ediacara, South Australia and Mount John, Kimberly District, Western Australia| journal = Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia| volume = 73| issue =| pages = 72-99| issn =| doi =| id =| url =| language =| accessdateaccess-date = 2007-03-08}}</ref>
 
<ref name = "Charnia">{{Cite web |url=http://www.charnia.org.uk/saturday_school_2007.htm |title=50 years of Charnia |access-date=13. juni 2007 |archive-date=28. september 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928023851/http://www.charnia.org.uk/saturday_school_2007.htm |url-status=yesdead }}</ref>
 
<ref name = "Sprigg"> {{cite journal| author = Sprigg, R.C.| date = 1991| title = Martin F Glaessner: Palaeontologist extraordinaire| journal =Mem. Geol. Soc. India| volume =20| issue =| pages =13-20| issn =| doi =| id =| url =| language =| accessdateaccess-date = 2007-03-08}}</ref>
 
<ref name = "Glaessner1">{{cite journal| title=The oldest fossil faunas of South Australia| author=Glaessner, M.F.| journal=International Journal of Earth Sciences| volume=47| issue=2| pages=522-531| year=1959| url=http://www.springerlink.com/content/th8t5154382750kq/| doi=10.1007/BF01800671| issn=1437-3254| publisher=Springer}}</ref>
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<ref name = "Misra"> {{cite journal| author=Misra, S.B.| year=1969| title=Late Precambrian(?) fossils from southeastern Newfoundland| journal=Geol. Soc. America Bull.| volume=80| url=http://bulletin.geoscienceworld.org/cgi/content/abstract/80/11/2133| pages=2133-2140}}</ref>
 
<ref name = "Badham"> {{cite web | last = Badham | first = Mark | title = The Mistaken Point Fossil Assemblage Newfoundland, Canada | work = | publisher = The Miller Museum of Geology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada | date = 30. januar 2003 | url = http://geol.queensu.ca/people/narbonne/recent_pubs1.html | format = | doi = | accessdateaccess-date = 2007-03-10}}</ref>
 
<ref name = "Termier1960"> {{cite journal | author1 = Termier, H. | author2 = Termier, G. | date = 1960 | title = L’Ediacarien, premier etage paleontologique | volume = 67 | issn = | doi = | language= fransk | accessdateaccess-date = 2007-05-23 }}</ref>
 
<ref name = "Knoll2006"> {{cite journal | first1 = A. H. | last1 = Knoll | last2=Walter |first2=M. | last3=Narbonne |first3=G. |last4=Christie-Blick |first4=N. | title = The Ediacaran Period: a new addition to the geologic time scale | pages = 13-30 | journal = Lethaia | volume = 39 | issue = | date = 2006 | url = http://geol.queensu.ca/people/narbonne/KnollWalterNarbonneChristieBlick_Lethaia_2006.pdf | format = PDF | doi = 10.1080/00241160500409223 | id = | accessdateaccess-date = 2007-04-14}}. Reprint, 2004 original available [http://www.stratigraphy.org/precambria| last2= |first2=n/Knoll_et_al_2004a.pdf here] (PDF).</ref>
 
<ref name = "Zhuravlev2001"> {{cite book | editor = Zhuravlev, A.Y.; Riding, R. | author1 = Burzin, M.B. | author2 = Debrenne, F.|author3= Zhuravlev, A.Y. | date = 2001 | Publisher = Columbia University Press, New York | chapter = Evolution of shallow-water level-bottom communities | pages = 216—237 | title = The Ecology of the Cambrian Radiation | url = http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&docId=100738360 | accessdateaccess-date = 2007-05-06 }}</ref>
 
<ref name = "Runnegar1992"> {{cite book | author1 = Runnegar, B.N. | author2 = Fedonkin, M.A. | editor = Schopf, W.J.; Klein, C. | title = The Proterozoic biosphere | Publisher = Cambridge University Press | date = 1992 | chapter = Proterozoic metazoan body fossils | journal = The Proterozoic Biosphere, a Multidisciplinary Study: Cambridge University Press, New York | pages = 369-388 }}</ref>
 
<ref name = "Narbonne1998"> {{cite journal | author = Narbonne, Guy M. | date = 1998 | title = The Ediacara biota: A terminal Neoproterozoic experiment in the evolution of life | journal = GSA | volume = 8 | issue = 2 | pages = 1-6 | issn = | doi = | url = ftp://rock.geosociety.org/pub/GSAToday/gt9802.pdf | language = | accessdateaccess-date = 2007-03-08 }}</ref>
 
<ref name = "Bowring"> {{cite book | author1 = Bowring, S.A. | author2 = Martin, M.W. | date = 2001 | chapter=Calibration of the Fossil Record | title = Palæobiology II: A synthesis | editor = Briggs & Crowther | volume = | issue =
| pages = | id = ISBN 0-632-05147-7 | publisher= Blackwell publishing group | accessdateaccess-date = 2007-03-08 }}</ref>
 
<ref name = "Gehling"> {{cite journal | author = Gehling, J.G. | date = 1987 | title = Earliest known echinoderm — A new Ediacaran fossil from the Pound Subgroup of South Australia | journal = Alcheringa | volume = 11 | issue = | pages = 337-345 | issn = | doi = | url = | language = | accessdateaccess-date = 2007-03-08 }}</ref>
 
<ref name = "Gehling19992"> {{cite journal | author = Gehling, J.G. | date = 1. februar 1999 | title = Microbial mats in terminal Proterozoic siliciclastics; Ediacaran death masks | journal = Palaios | volume = 14 | issue = 1 | pages = 40-57 | issn = | doi = | url = http://palaios.geoscienceworld.org/cgi/content/abstract/14/1/40 | accessdateaccess-date = 2007-05-23 }}</ref>
 
<ref name = "Narbonne2"> {{cite journal | author = Narbonne, Guy M. | date = 1998 | title = The Ediacara Biota: A Terminal Neoproterozoic Experiment in the Evolution of Life | journal = GSA Today | volume = 8 | issue = 2 | pages = 1-6 | language =}}</ref>
 
<ref name = "Chen2004"> {{cite journal | author = Chen, J-Y | year = 2004 | title = Small Bilaterian Fossils from 40 to 55 Million Years Before the Cambrian | journal = Science | volume = 305 | issue = 5681 | pages = 218-222 | url = http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/rapidpdf/1099213v1?ijkey=TmRu98UQkv06Y&keytype=ref&siteid=sci | language = | accessdateaccess-date = 2007-04-27 }} </ref>
 
<ref name = "msnbc"> Se f.eks. reportager i; [http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/5112628/ MSNBC article], [http://www.astrobio.net/news/article1005.html Astrobio article]</ref>
 
<ref name="Bailey2007">e.g. {{cite journal | author = Bailey, J.V., Joye, S.B., Kalanetra, K.M., Flood, B.E., Corsetti, F.A. | date = 2007 | title = Evidence of giant sulphur bacteria in Neoproterozoic phosphorites | journal = Nature | volume = 445 | issue = 7124 | pages = 198-201 | issn = | doi = | url = http://support.nature.com/nature/journal/v445/n7124/full/nature05457.html | accessdateaccess-date = 2007-04-28 }}</ref>
 
<ref name = "BaileyvsXiao"> Xiao ''et al''.'s response to Bailey ''et al''.'s original paper : {{cite journal | author = Xiao, S.; Zhou, C.; Yuan, X. | date = 2007 | title = Palaeontology: undressing and redressing Ediacaran embryos. | journal = Nature | volume = 446 | issue = 7136 | pages = E9-10 | issn = | doi = | url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=17410133&dopt=Citation | accessdateaccess-date = 2007-05-10 }}And Bailey ''et al''.'s reply: {{cite journal| author = Bailey, J.V.; Joye, S.B.; Kalanetra, K.M.; Flood, B.E.; Corsetti, F.A. | year = 2007 | title = Palaeontology: Undressing and redressing Ediacaran embryos (Reply). | journal = Nature | volume = 446 | issue = 7136 | pages = E10-E11 | issn = | doi = | url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=17410132&dopt=Citation | accessdateaccess-date = 2007-05-10 }}</ref>
 
<ref name = "Knolletal2006">{{cite journal | author = Knoll, AH; Javaux, EJ; Hewitt, D.; Cohen, P. | date = 2006 | title = Eukaryotic organisms in Proterozoic oceans | journal = Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences | volume = 361 | issue = 1470 | pages = 1023-1038 | issn = | doi = | url = http://www.journals.royalsoc.ac.uk/index/R33709390117W941.pdf | accessdateaccess-date = 2007-04-28 }}</ref>
 
<ref name = "Leiming"> {{cite journal | author = Leiming, Y.; Zhu, M; Knoll, A; Yuan, X; Zhang, J; Hu, J | date = 5. april 2007 | title = Doushantuo embryos preserved inside diapause egg cysts | journal = Nature | volume = 446 | issue = 7136 | pages = 661-663 | url = http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v446/n7136/abs/nature05682.html | accessdateaccess-date = 2007-04-27 }} </ref>
 
<ref name = "UndergroundInNamibia"> (a) En beskrivelse, der dog langtfra er almindeligt accepteret: {{cite journal| title= Underground Vendobionta From Namibia| doi=10.1111/1475-4983.00227| url=http://doi.org/10.1111/1475-4983.00227| author1=Grazhdankin, D.| author2=Seilacher, A.| journal=Palaeontology| volume=45| issue=1| pages=57-78| date=2002}}</ref>
 
<ref name = "Seilacher1992"> {{cite journal | author = Seilacher, A. | year = 1992 | title = Vendobionta and Psammocorallia: lost constructions of Precambrian evolution
| journal = Journal of the Geological Society, London | volume = 149 | issue = 4 | pages = 607-613 | url = http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/geol/jgs/1992/00000149/00000004/14940607 | language = | accessdateaccess-date = 2007-03-08 }} </ref>
 
<ref name="Narbonne3">{{cite journal | author = Narbonne, G.M.; Saylor, B.Z.; Grotzinger, J.P. | date = 1997 | title = The Youngest Ediacaran Fossils from Southern Africa | journal = Journal of Paleontology | volume = 71 | issue = 6 | pages = 953-967 | url = http://www.jstor.org/view/00223360/ap040416/04a00030/0 | language =| accessdateaccess-date = 2007-03-08 }}</ref>
 
<ref name = "BengtsonBudd2004"> {{cite journal|journal=Science|date=19. november 2004|volume=306|number=5700|pages=1291 |doi=10.1126/science.1101338 |url=http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/306/5700/1291a|title=Comment on "Small Bilaterian Fossils from 40 to 55 Million Years Before the Cambrian" }}</ref>
 
<ref name = "Fedonkin"> {{cite journal | author = Fedonkin, M.A.; Waggoner, B.M. | year = 1997 | title = The Late Precambrian fossil Kimberella is a mollusc-like bilaterian organism. | journal = Nature | volume = 388 | issue = 6645 | pages = 868-871 | doi = 10.1038/42242 | url = http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v388/n6645/full/388868a0.html | issn = 0028-0836 | language = | accessdateaccess-date = 2007-03-08 }}</ref>
 
<ref name="McMenamin2003"> {{cite conference| first = Mark A.S.| last = McMenamin| year = 2003| title = ''Spriggina'' is a Trilobitoid Ecdysozoan| conference = Seattle Annual Meeting of the GSA | booktitlebook-title =&nbsp;| url = http://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2003AM/finalprogram/abstract_62056.htm| accessdateaccess-date = 2007-06-21}}</ref>
 
<ref name = "Butterfield"> e.g. {{cite journal| author=Butterfield, N.J.| journal=Palaeontology| year=2007| volume=51| issue=1| pages=41-55| title=Macroevolution and microecology through deep time| doi=10.1111/j.1475-4983.2006.00613.x}}</ref>
 
<ref name = "Glaessner3"> {{cite journal | author = Glaessner, M.F. | date = 1980 | title = Parvancorina-an arthropod from the late Precambrian of South Australia | journal = Ann. Natur. Mus. Wien. | volume = 83 | issue = | pages = 83-90 | issn = | doi = | url = | language = | accessdateaccess-date = 2007-03-08 }}</ref>
 
<ref name = "Ivantsov">For en genfortolkning se {{cite journal | author = Ivantsov, A.Y.; Malakhovskaya, Y.E.; Serezhnikova, E.A. | date = 2004 | title = Some Problematic Fossils from the Vendian of the Southeastern White Sea Region | journal = Paleontological Journal | volume = 38 | issue = 1 | pages = 1-9 | issn = | doi = | url = http://www.vend.paleo.ru/pub/Ivantsov_et_al_2004_eng.pdf | language = | accessdateaccess-date = 2007-03-08 | archive-date = 4. juli 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070704183946/http://www.vend.paleo.ru/pub/Ivantsov_et_al_2004_eng.pdf | url-status = yesdead }}</ref>
 
<ref name = "Germs1972"> {{cite journal|author=Germs, G.J.B. | title=New shelly fossils from Nama Group, South West Africa | journal=American Journal of Science | date=oktober 1972 | volume=272 | pages=752-761}}</ref>
 
<ref name = "Fedonkin92"> {{cite journal | author = Fedonkin, M.A. | year = 1992 | title = Vendian faunas and the early evolution of Metazoa | journal = in Lipps, J., and Signor, P. W., eds., Origin and early evolution of the Metazoa: New York, Plenum Press. | pages = 87–129 | language = | accessdateaccess-date = 2007-03-08 }}</ref>
 
<ref name = "Seilacher1998"> {{cite journal | author = Seilacher, A.; Bose, P.K.; Pflüger, F. | date = 2. oktober 1998 | title = Triploblastic Animals More Than 1 Billion Years Ago: Trace Fossil Evidence from India | journal = Science | volume = 282 | issue = 5386 | pages = 80-83 | issn = | doi = 10.1126/science.282.5386.80 | url = http://sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/282/5386/80 | accessdateaccess-date = 2007-05-21 }}</ref>
 
<ref name = "Ivantsov2002">{{cite journal | author1 = Ivantsov, A.Y. | author2 = Malakhovskaya, Y.E. | date = 2002 | title = Giant Traces of Vendian Animals | journal = Doklady Earth Sciences | volume = 385 | issue = 6 | pages = 618-622 | issn = | doi = | url = http://vend.paleo.ru/pub/Ivantsov_et_Malakhovskaya_2002-e.pdf | accessdateaccess-date = 2007-05-10 | archive-date = 4. juli 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070704183947/http://vend.paleo.ru/pub/Ivantsov_et_Malakhovskaya_2002-e.pdf | url-status = yesdead }}</ref>
 
<ref name = "Martin2000"> According to {{cite journal | author = Martin, M.W.; Grazhdankin, D.V.; Bowring, S.A.; Evans, D.A.D.; Fedonkin, M.A.; Kirschvink, J.L. | date = 5. maj 2000 | title = Age of Neoproterozoic Bilatarian Body and Trace Fossils, White Sea, Russia: Implications for Metazoan Evolution | journal = Science| volume = 288 | issue = 5467 | pages = 841 | issn = | doi = 10.1126/science.288.5467.841 | url = http://www.scienceonline.org/cgi/content/abstract/288/5467/841 | accessdateaccess-date = 2007-05-10 }}, but for a more cynical perspective see {{cite journal | author = Butterfield, N.J. | date = 2006 | title = Hooking some stem-group ‘‘worms’’: fossil lophotrochozoans in the Burgess Shale | journal = Bioessays | volume = 28 | issue = 12 | pages = 1161-6 | issn = | doi = | url = http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/bies.20507 | accessdateaccess-date = 2007-05-21 }}</ref>
 
<ref name = "Donovan"> {{cite journal| author =Donovan, Stephen K., Lewis, David N.| year = 2001| title = Fossils explained 35. The Ediacaran biota| journal = Geology Today| volume =17| issue =3| pages =115-120| doi =10.1046/j.0266-6979.2001.00285.x| url = http://doi.org/10.1046/j.0266-6979.2001.00285.x| accessdateaccess-date = 2007-03-08}} </ref>
 
<ref name = "Antcliffe"> {{cite journal | author = Antcliffe, J.B.; Brasier, M.D. | date = 2007 | title = Charnia and sea pens are poles apart | journal = Journal of the Geological Society | volume = 164 | issue = 1 | pages = 49-51 | doi = 10.1144/0016-76492006-080 | url = http://jgs.geoscienceworld.org/cgi/reprint/164/1/49 | language = | accessdateaccess-date = 2007-03-08 }} </ref>
 
<ref name = "Glaessner1984"> {{cite book| title=The Dawn of Animal Life: A Biohistorical Study| url=https://archive.org/details/dawnofanimallife0000glae| author=Glaessner, M.F.| year=1984| publisher=Cambridge University Press}}</ref>
 
<ref name = "Seilacher"> {{cite journal | author = Seilacher, A.; Grazhdinkin, D., Legouta, A. | date = 2003 | title = Ediacaran biota: The dawn of animal life in the shadow of giant protists | journal = Paleontological research | volume = 7 | issue = 1 | pages = 43-54 | issn = 13428144 | doi = | url = http://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/110002695304/ | language = | accessdateaccess-date = 2007-03-08 }}</ref>
 
<ref name = "MacMenamin"> {{cite book | author = MacMenamin, M.A.S. | year = 1998 | title = The Garden of Ediacara: discovering the first complex life | journal = | volume = | issue = | pages = | publisher={Columbia University Press} | issn = | doi = | url = | language = | accessdateaccess-date = 2007-03-08 }}</ref>
 
<ref name="Narbonne4">{{Cite journal |title=The Ediacara Biota: Neoproterozoic Origin of Animals and Their Ecosystems |last=Narbonne |first=Guy M. |authorlinkauthor-link= |volume=33 |pages=421–442 |date=2005 |doi=10.1146/annurev.earth.33.092203.122519 |journal=Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences |url=http://geol.queensu.ca/people/narbonne/NarbonneAREPS2005Final.pdf |accessdateaccess-date=3. januar 2009 |bibcode=2005AREPS..33..421N |archive-date=21. februar 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070221084932/http://geol.queensu.ca/people/narbonne/NarbonneAREPS2005Final.pdf |url-status=yesdead }}</ref>
 
<ref name = "Seilacher84"> {{cite journal | author = Seilacher, A. | year = 1984 | title = Late Precambrian and Early Cambrian Metazoa: preservational or real extinctions | journal = Patterns of Change in Earth Evolution | volume = | issue = | pages = 159-168 | issn = | doi = | url = | language = | accessdateaccess-date = 2007-03-08 }}</ref>
 
<ref name = "Seilacher1989"> {{cite journal | author = Seilacher, A. | year = 1989 | title = Vendozoa: organismic construction in the Proterozoic biosphere | journal = Lethaia | volume = 17 | issue = | pages = 229–239 | issn = | doi = | url = | language = | accessdateaccess-date = 2007-03-08 }}</ref>
 
<ref name = "Buss"> {{cite journal | author = Buss, L.W. and Seilacher, A. | year = 1994 | title = The Phylum Vendobionta: A Sister Group of the Eumetazoa? | journal = Paleobiology | volume = 20 | issue = 1 | pages = 1-4 | issn = | doi = | url = | language = | accessdateaccess-date = 2007-03-08 }}</ref>
 
<ref name = "Retallack"> {{cite journal | author = Retallack, G.J. | year = 1994 | title = Were the Ediacaran fossils lichens | journal = Paleobiology | volume = 17 | issue = | pages = 523–544 | issn = | doi = | id = | url = | language = | accessdateaccess-date = 2007-03-08 }}</ref>
 
<ref name = "Waggoner1998">{{cite journal | author = Waggoner, Ben | year = 1998 | title = Interpreting the Earliest Metazoan Fossils: What Can We Learn? | journal = Integrative and Comparative Biology | volume = 38 | issue = 6 | pages = 975—982 | issn = 1540-7063 | doi = 10.1093/icb/38.6.975 | url = http://intl-icb.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/38/6/975 | language = | accessdateaccess-date = 2007-03-08 | archive-date = 21. december 2012 | archive-url = https://archive.is/20121221015440/http://intl-icb.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/38/6/975 | url-status = yesdead }}</ref>
 
<ref name = "Ford"> {{cite journal | author = Ford, T.D. | year = 1958 | title = Pre-Cambrian fossils from Charnwood Forest | journal = Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society | volume = 31 | issue = | pages = 211-217 | issn = | doi = | id = | url = | language = | accessdateaccess-date = 2007-03-08}}</ref>
 
<ref name = "Zhuralev"> {{cite journal | author = Zhuralev | year = 1992 | title = Were Vend-Ediacaran multicellulars metazoa? | journal = Abstracts of the international Geological Congress, Kyoto, Japan | volume = 2 | issue = | pages = 339 | issn = | doi = | id = | url = | language = | accessdateaccess-date = 2007-03-08 }}</ref>
 
<ref name = "Peterson"> {{cite journal | author = Peterson, K.J. and Waggoner, B. and Hagadorn, J.W. | year = | title = A Fungal Analog for Newfoundland Ediacaran Fossils? | journal = Integrative and Comparative Biology | volume = 43 | issue = 1 | pages = 127-136 | issn = | doi = | id = | url = | language = | accessdateaccess-date = 2007-03-08 }}</ref>
 
<ref name = "Dima2001"> {{cite journal | author = Grazhdankin, D | year = 2001 | title = Microbial origin of some of the Ediacaran fossils | journal = GSA Annual Meeting, November 5-8, 2001 | volume = | issue = | pages = | issn = | doi = | id = | url = | language = | accessdateaccess-date = 2007-03-08 }}</ref>
 
<ref name = "Pflug"> {{cite journal | author = Pflug | year = 1973 | title = Zur fauna der Nama-Schichten in Südwest-Afrika. IV. Mikroscopische anatomie der petalo-organisme. | journal = Paleontographica | volume = | issue = B144 | pages = 166-202 | issn = | doi = | id = | url = | language = tysk | accessdateaccess-date = 2007-03-08 }}</ref>
 
<ref name = "DeRosa1999"> {{cite journal | author = De Rosa, R.; Grenier, J.K.; Andreeva, T.; Cook, C.E.; Adoutte, A.; Akam, M.; Carroll, S.B.; Balavoine, G. | year = 1999 | title = Hox genes in brachiopods and priapulids and protostome evolution. | journal = Nature | volume = 399 | issue = 6738 | pages = 772-6 | issn = | doi = | url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=10391241 | accessdateaccess-date = 2007-05-19 }}</ref>
 
<ref name = "Schopf1987"> {{cite journal | author1 = Schopf, J.W. | author2 = Packer, B.M. | date = 3. juli 1987 | title = Early Archean (3.3-billion to 3.5-billion-year-old) microfossils from Warrawoona Group, Australia | journal = Science | volume = 237 | issue = 4810 | pages = 70 | issn = | doi = 10.1126/science.11539686 | url = http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/237/4810/70 | accessdateaccess-date = 2007-05-21 }}</ref>
 
<ref name = "Hofmann1999"> {{cite journal | author = Hofmann, H.J.; Grey, K.; Hickman, A.H.; Thorpe, R.I. | date = 1. august 1999 | title = Origin of 3.45 Ga coniform stromatolites in Warrawoona Group, Western Australia | journal = Bulletin of the Geological Society of America | volume = 111 | issue = 8 | pages = 1256-1262 | issn = | doi = | url = http://bulletin.geoscienceworld.org/cgi/content/abstract/111/8/1256 | accessdateaccess-date = 2007-05-21 }}</ref>
 
<ref name = "Archer2006"> {{cite journal | author1 = Archer, C. | author2 = Vance, D. | date = 1. marts 2006 | title = Coupled Fe and S isotope evidence for Archean microbial Fe (III) and sulfate reduction | journal = Geology | volume = 34 | issue = 3 | pages = 153-156 | issn = | doi = 10.1130/G22067.1 | url = http://geology.geoscienceworld.org/cgi/content/abstract/34/3/153 | accessdateaccess-date = 2007-05-24 }}</ref>
 
<ref name = "Butterfield2000"> {{cite journal | author = Butterfield, N.J. | date = 1. september 2000 | title = ''Bangiomorpha pubescens n. gen., n. sp.'': implications for the evolution of sex, multicellularity, and the Mesoproterozoic/Neoproterozoic radiation of eukaryotes | journal = Paleobiology | volume = 26 | issue = 3 | pages = 386-404 | issn = | doi = 10.1666/0094-8373(2000)026 | url = http://paleobiol.geoscienceworld.org/cgi/content/abstract/26/3/386 | accessdateaccess-date = 2007-05-21 }}</ref>
 
<ref name = "Fedonkin1980"> {{cite journal | author = Fedonkin, M.A. | date = 1980 | title = New representatives of the Precambrian coelenterates in the northern Russian platform | journal = Paleontologicheskij Zhurnal | pages = 7-15 | language = russisk }}</ref>
 
<ref name = "Canfield1"> {{cite journal | author1 = Canfield, D.E. | author2 = Teske, A. | date = 1996 | title = Late Proterozoic rise in atmospheric oxygen concentration inferred from phylogenetic and sulphur-isotope studies | journal = Nature | volume = 382 | issue = | pages = 127–132 | issn = | doi = | url = | accessdateaccess-date = 2007-03-08 }}</ref>
 
<ref name = "Canfield2"> {{cite journal | author = Canfield, D.E.; Poulton, S.W.; Narbonne, G.M. | date = 2007 | title = Late-Neoproterozoic Deep-Ocean Oxygenation and the Rise of Animal Life | journal = Science | volume = 315 | issue = 5808 | pages = 92 | issn = | accessdateaccess-date = 2007-03-08}}</ref>
 
<ref name = "Fike2006"> {{cite journal | author = Fike, DA; Grotzinger, JP; Pratt, LM; Summons, RE | date = 2006 | title = Oxidation of the Ediacaran ocean. | journal = Nature | volume = 444 | issue = 7120 | pages = 744-7 | issn = | doi = 10.1038/nature05345 | url = http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v444/n7120/abs/nature05345.html | accessdateaccess-date = 2007-04-28 }}</ref>
 
<ref name="Oxygen">{{Cite web |url=http://www.earth.ox.ac.uk/research/2006/Oxyen.htm |title=Project details |access-date=13. juni 2007 |archive-date=24. september 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060924095056/http://www.earth.ox.ac.uk/research/2006/Oxyen.htm |url-status=yesdead }}</ref>
 
<ref name="Narbonne5"> {{cite journal | author = Narbonne, Guy M. | date = 2003 | title = Life after Snowball: The Mistaken Point biota and the origin of animal ecosystems | journal = Seattle Annual Meeting of the GSA | volume = | issue = | pages = | issn = | doi = | id = | url = | accessdateaccess-date = 2007-03-08 }}</ref>
 
<ref name="Bryson"> {{cite book |last=Bryson |first1=Bill Bryson |title=A Short History of Nearly Everything |year=2003 |page=212 |accessdateaccess-date=2014-07-23 |quote=WHEN YOU CONSIDER it from a human perspective, and clearly it would be difficult for us to do otherwise, life is an odd thing. It couldn’t wait to get going, but then, having gotten going, it seemed in very little hurry to move on. }}</ref>
 
<ref name = "Runnegar"> {{cite journal | author1 = Runnegar, B.N. | author2 = Fedonkin, M.A. | date = 1992 | title = Proterozoic metazoan body fossils | journal = The Proterozoic Biosphere, a Multidisciplinary Study: Cambridge University Press, New York | volume = | issue = | pages = 369-387 | issn = | doi = | id = | url = | accessdateaccess-date = 2007-03-08 }}</ref>
 
<ref name = "ConwayMorris1993"> {{cite journal | author = Conway Morris, S. | date = 1993 | title = Ediacaran-like fossils in Cambrian Burgess Shale–type faunas of North America | journal = Palaeontology | volume = 36 | issue = | pages = 593–635 | accessdateaccess-date = 2007-03-08 }}</ref>
 
<ref name = "Shu"> {{cite journal | author = Shu, D.-G.; Morris, S. Conway; Han, J.; Li, Y.; Zhang, X.-L.; Hua, H.; Zhang, Z.-F.; Liu, J.-N.; Guo, J.-F.; Yao, Y.; Yasui, K. | date = 5. maj 2006 | title =Lower Cambrian Vendobionts from China and Early Diploblast Evolution | journal = Science | volume = 312 | issue = 5774 | pages = 731 | issn = | doi = 10.1126/science.1124565 | url = http://science-mag.aaas.org/cgi/content/abstract/312/5774/731 | accessdateaccess-date = 2007-04-28 }}</ref>
 
<ref name = "McMenamin1986">{{cite book | author = McMenamin M. | date = 1986 | title = The Garden of Ediacara | volume = | id = ISBN 978-0-231-10559-0 | url = http://www.earthscape.org/r3/mcm02/mcm02k.pdf | accessdateaccess-date = 2007-03-08 }}</ref>
 
<ref name = "Gould"> {{cite journal | author1 = Gould, S.J. | author2 = Calloway, C.B. | date = 1980 | title = Clams and Brachiopods-Ships that Pass in the Night | journal = Paleobiology | volume = 6 | issue = 4 | pages = 383-396 | issn = | doi = | id = | url =https://archive.org/details/sim_paleobiology_fall-1980_6_4/page/383| language = | accessdateaccess-date = 2007-03-08 }}</ref>
 
<ref name = "Stanley1973"> {{cite journal | author = Stanley, S.M. | date = 1973 | title = An ecological theory for the sudden origin of multicellular life in the Late Precambrian. | journal = Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. | volume = 72 | issue = | pages = 646-650 | issn = | doi = | url = | language = | accessdateaccess-date = 2007-03-08 }}</ref>
 
<ref name = "Hallam"> {{cite journal | author = Hallam, A. | date = 1984 | title = Pre-Quarernary sea-level changes | journal = Ann. Rev. | volume = 12 | issue = | pages = 205-243 | issn = | doi = | id = | url = | language = | accessdateaccess-date = 2007-03-08 }}</ref>
 
<ref name = "Brasier1992a"> {{cite journal | author = Brasier, M.D. | year = 1992 | title = Background to the Cambrian explosion | journal = Journal of the Geological Society, London | volume = 149 | pages = 585-587 | issn = | doi = | url = http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/geol/jgs/1992/00000149/00000004/14940585 | accessdateaccess-date = 2007-05-10 }}</ref>
 
<ref name = "Lowenstein"> {{cite journal | author = Lowenstein, T.K.; Timofeeff, M.N.; Brennan, S.T.; Hardie, L.A.; Demicco, R.V. | date = 2001 | title = Oscillations in Phanerozoic Seawater Chemistry: Evidence from Fluid Inclusions | journal = | volume = | issue = | pages = | issn = | doi = | url = | language = | accessdateaccess-date = 2007-03-08}}</ref>
 
<ref name = "Brasier1992b"> {{cite journal | author = Brasier, M.D. | year = 1992 | title = Global ocean-atmosphere change across the Precambrian-Cambrian transition | journal = Geological Magazine | volume = 129 | issue = 2 | pages = 161-168 | issn = | doi = | url =https://archive.org/details/sim_geological-magazine_1992-03_129_2/page/161| accessdateaccess-date = 2007-03-08 }}</ref>
 
<ref name = "Bartley"> {{cite journal | author = Bartley, J.K.; Pope, M.; Knoll, A.H.; Semikhatov, M.A.; Petrov, P.Y.U. | date = 1998 | title = A Vendian-Cambrian boundary succession from the northwestern margin of the Siberian Platform: stratigraphy, palaeontology, chemostratigraphy and correlation | journal = Geological Magazine | volume = 135 | issue = 4 | pages = 473-494 | issn = | doi = | url =https://archive.org/details/sim_geological-magazine_1998-07_135_4/page/473| language = | accessdateaccess-date = 2007-03-08}}</ref>
 
<ref name = "McKerrow"> {{cite journal | author = McKerrow, W.S.; Scotese, C.R.; Brasier, M.D. | date = 1992 | title = Early Cambrian continental reconstructions | journal = Journal of the Geological Society, London | volume = 149 | issue = | pages = 599-606 | issn = | doi = | id = | url = | language = | accessdateaccess-date = 2007-03-08}}</ref>
 
<ref name = "Grazhdankin2004"> {{cite journal | author = Grazhdankin, Dima | date = 2004 | title = Patterns of distribution in the Ediacaran biotas: facies versus biogeography and evolution | journal = Palæobiology | volume = 30 | issue = 2 | pages = 203-221 | issn = | doi = | id = | url = http://paleobiol.geoscienceworld.org/cgi/reprint/30/2/203.pdf | language = en | accessdateaccess-date = 2007-03-08 | laysummary = Source of data for Timeline synthesis, p218. Further citations available in caption to Fig. 8. }}</ref>
 
<ref name = "Benus"> {{cite journal | author = Benus | date = 1988 | title = Trace fossils, small shelly fossils and the Precambrian-Cambrian boundary | journal = New York State Museum Bulletin | volume = 463 | issue = 81 | pages = | issn = | doi = | url = | language = | accessdateaccess-date = 2007-03-08 }}</ref>
 
<ref name = "Clapham"> {{cite journal | author = Clapham, Matthew E.; Narbonne, Guy M.; Gehling, James G. | date = 2003 | title = Paleoecology of the oldest known animal communities: Ediacaran assemblages at Mistaken Point, Newfoundland | journal = Paleobiology | volume = 29 | issue = 4 | pages = 527–544 | issn = | doi = | url =https://archive.org/details/sim_paleobiology_fall-2003_29_4/page/527| language = | accessdateaccess-date = 2007-03-08}}</ref>
 
<ref name = "Clapham2"> {{cite journal| author1=Clapham, M.E.| author2=Narbonne, G.M.| date=2002| volume=30| issue=7| pages=627-630| url=http://geology.geoscienceworld.org/cgi/content/abstract/30/7/627| doi=10.1130/0091-7613(2002)030<0627:EET>2.0.CO;2| journal=Geology| title=Ediacaran epifaunal tiering}}</ref>
 
<ref name = "Waggoner"> {{cite journal | author = Waggoner, B. | date = 1999 | title = Biogeographic Analyses of the Ediacara Biota: A Conflict with Paleotectonic Reconstructions | journal = Paleobiology | volume = 25 | issue = 4 | pages = 440-458 | issn = | doi = | url =https://archive.org/details/sim_paleobiology_fall-1999_25_4/page/440| language = | accessdateaccess-date = 2007-03-08 }}</ref>
 
<ref name = "Bambach2007"> {{cite journal | author = Bambach, R.K.; Bush, A.M.; Erwin, D.H. | date = 2007 | title = Autecology and the filling of Ecospace: Key metazoian radiations | journal = Palæontology | volume = 50 | issue = 1 | pages = 1-22 | issn = | doi = | url = http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4983.2006.00611.x | language = | accessdateaccess-date = 2007-03-08}}</ref>
 
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Hentet fra "https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ediacara-faunaen"