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Bruger:Christian89/Sandkasse2: Forskelle mellem versioner

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===Schneideriansk klassifikation===
I begyndelsen af det 20. århundrede opstillede den tyske psykiater [[Kurt Schneider (psykiater)|Kurt Schneider]] en række [[Psykose|psykotiske symptomer]], som han mente adskilte sig fra andre psykotiske lidelser. Disse kaldes '''førsterangssymptomer''', og inkluderer styringsoplevelse (følelsen af at blive kontrolleret af en udefrakommende kraft), tankepåvirkningsoplevelse (følelsen af at ens tanker stjæles, påføres, kan høres eller overføres til omgivelserne), tredjepersons hørehallucinationer (høre kommenterende stemmer eller diskuterende stemmer)<ref name="SchneiderClinicalPsychopathology">{{cite book|last1=Schneider |first1=K |authorlink1=Kurt Schneider |title=Clinical Psychopathology |url=http://books.google.com/?id=ofzOAAAAMAAJ |edition=5 |year=1959 |publisher=Grune & Stratton |location=New York }}</ref>.
In the early 20th century, the psychiatrist [[Kurt Schneider]] listed the forms of psychotic symptoms that he thought distinguished schizophrenia from other psychotic disorders. These are called ''first-rank symptoms'' or [[Kurt Schneider#First-rank symptoms|Schneider's first-rank symptoms]]. They include delusions of being controlled by an external force; the belief that thoughts are being inserted into or withdrawn from one's conscious mind; the belief that one's thoughts are being broadcast to other people; and hearing hallucinatory voices that comment on one's thoughts or actions or that have a conversation with other hallucinated voices.<ref name="SchneiderClinicalPsychopathology">{{vcite book|last1=Schneider |first1=K |authorlink1=Kurt Schneider |title=Clinical Psychopathology |url=http://books.google.com/?id=ofzOAAAAMAAJ |edition=5 |year=1959 |publisher=Grune & Stratton |location=New York }}</ref> Although they have significantly contributed to the current diagnostic criteria, the [[Sensitivity and specificity|specificity]] of first-rank symptoms has been questioned. A review of the diagnostic studies conducted between 1970 and 2005 found that they allow neither a reconfirmation nor a rejection of Schneider's claims, and suggested that first-rank symptoms should be de-emphasized in future revisions of diagnostic systems.<ref name="pmid17562695">{{vcite journal |author=Nordgaard J, Arnfred SM, Handest P, Parnas J |title=The diagnostic status of first-rank symptoms |journal=Schizophrenia Bulletin |volume=34 |issue=1 |pages=137–54 |year=2008 |month=January |pmid=17562695 |pmc=2632385 |doi=10.1093/schbul/sbm044}}</ref>
 
Selvom førsterangssymptomerne har været definerende for de diagnostiske kriterier for skizofreni, er disses [[Sensitivitet og specificitet|specifitet]] omdiskuteret: I en oversigtsartikel baseret på diagnostiske studier indsamlet mellem 1970 og 2005 blev der hverken fundet be- eller afkræftelse på Schneiders opstilling, hvilket har ledt til forslaget om at førsterangssymptomer burde have mindre vægt i de kommende diagnose klassifikationssystemer. <ref name="pmid17562695">{{cite journal |author=Nordgaard J, Arnfred SM, Handest P, Parnas J |title=The diagnostic status of first-rank symptoms |journal=Schizophrenia Bulletin |volume=34 |issue=1 |pages=137–54 |year=2008 |month=January |pmid=17562695 |pmc=2632385 |doi=10.1093/schbul/sbm044}}</ref>
 
===Positive og negative symptomer===
Hentet fra "https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruger:Christian89/Sandkasse2"